Divergent trends in ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality in India from 2000 to 2015: a nationally representative mortality study.

Autor:	Ke C; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Gupta R; Academic Research Development Unit, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., Xavier D; St John's Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India., Prabhakaran D; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India., Mathur P; National Centre for Diseases Informatics & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bangalore, India., Kalkonde YV; Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India., Kolpak P; Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Suraweera W; Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Jha P; Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: prabhat.jha@utoronto.ca.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Lancet. Global health [Lancet Glob Health] 2018 Aug; Vol. 6 (8), pp. e914-e923.
DOI:	10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30242-0
Abstrakt:	Introduction: India accounts for about a fifth of cardiovascular deaths globally, but nationally representative data on mortality trends are not yet available. In this nationwide mortality study, we aimed to assess the trends in ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality over 15 years using the Million Death Study. Methods: We determined national and subnational cardiovascular mortality rates and trends by sex and birth cohort using cause of death ascertained by verbal autopsy from 2001 to 2013 among 2·4 million households. We derived mortality rates for ischaemic heart disease and stroke by applying mortality proportions to UN mortality estimates for India and projected the rates from 2000 to 2015. Findings: Cardiovascular disease caused more than 2·1 million deaths in India in 2015 at all ages, or more than a quarter of all deaths. At ages 30-69 years, of 1·3 million cardiovascular deaths, 0·9 million (68·4%) were caused by ischaemic heart disease and 0·4 million (28·0%) by stroke. At these ages, the probability of dying from ischaemic heart disease increased during 2000-15, from 10·4% to 13·1% in men and 4·8% to 6·6% in women. Ischaemic heart disease mortality rates in rural areas increased rapidly and surpassed those in urban areas. By contrast, the probability of dying from stroke decreased from 5·7% to 5·0% in men and 5·0% to 3·9% in women. A third of premature stroke deaths occurred in the northeastern states, inhabited by a sixth of India's population, where rates increased significantly and were three times higher than the national average. The increased mortality rates of ischaemic heart disease nationally and stroke in the northeastern states were higher in the cohorts of adults born in the 1970s onwards, than in earlier decades. A large and growing proportion of the ischaemic heart disease nationally and stroke deaths in high-burden states reported earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, but low medication use. Interpretation: The unexpectedly diverse patterns of cardiovascular mortality require investigation to identify the role of established and new cardiovascular risk factors. Secondary prevention with effective and inexpensive long-term treatment and adult smoking cessation could prevent substantial numbers of premature deaths. Without progress against the control of cardiovascular disease in India, global goals to reduce non-communicable diseases by 2030 will be difficult to achieve. Funding: Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Indian Council of Medical Research, and the Disease Control Priorities. (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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