The Neolithic Plant Invasion Hypothesis: the role of preadaptation and disturbance in grassland invasion.

Autor: MacDougall AS; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1., McCune JL; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6., Eriksson O; Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Universitet, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden., Cousins SAO; Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm Universitet, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden., Pärtel M; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51005, Estonia., Firn J; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, 4001, Australia., Hierro JL; Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, 6300, Argentina.; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam, Santa Rosa, Argentina.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The New phytologist [New Phytol] 2018 Oct; Vol. 220 (1), pp. 94-103. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 05.
DOI: 10.1111/nph.15285
Abstrakt: A long-standing hypothesis is that many European plants invade temperate grasslands globally because they are introduced simultaneously with pastoralism and cultivation, to which they are 'preadapted' after millennia of exposure dating to the Neolithic era ('Neolithic Plant Invasion Hypothesis' (NPIH)). These 'preadaptations' are predicted to maximize their performance relative to native species lacking this adaptive history. Here, we discuss the explanatory relevance of the NPIH, clarifying the importance of evolutionary context vs other mechanisms driving invasion. The NPIH makes intuitive sense given established connections between invasion and agricultural-based perturbation. However, tests are often incomplete given the need for performance contrasts between home and away ranges, while controlling for other mechanisms. We emphasize six NPIH-based predictions, centring on trait similarity of invaders between home vs away populations, and differing perturbation responses by invading and native plants. Although no research has integrated all six predictions, we highlight studies suggesting preadaptation influences on invasion. Given that many European grasslands are creations of human activity from the past, current invasions by these flora may represent the continuation of processes dating to the Neolithic. Ironically, European Neolithic-derived grasslands are becoming rarer, reflecting changes in management and illustrating the importance of human influences on these species.
(© 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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