Meta-analytic findings reveal lower means but higher variances in visuospatial ability in dyslexia.

Autor: Chamberlain R; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK., Brunswick N; Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK., Siev J; Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, USA., McManus IC; Department of Psychology, University College London, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) [Br J Psychol] 2018 Nov; Vol. 109 (4), pp. 897-916. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jun 25.
DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12321
Abstrakt: Conflicting empirical and theoretical accounts suggest that dyslexia is associated with either average, enhanced, or impoverished high-level visuospatial processing relative to controls. Such heterogeneous results could be due to the presence of wider variability in dyslexic samples, which is unlikely to be identified at the single study level, due to lack of power. To address this, this study reports a meta-analysis of means and variances in high-level visuospatial ability in 909 non-dyslexic and 956 dyslexic individuals. The findings suggest that dyslexia is associated not only with a lower mean performance on visuospatial tasks but also with greater variability in performance. Through novel meta-analytic techniques, we demonstrate a negative effect size for mean differences (-.457), but a positive effect size for SD differences (+.118; SD ratio = 1.107). In doing so, this is the first study to demonstrate impoverished visuospatial processing of the majority of individuals with dyslexia in addition to greater variance in performance in this group. The findings advocate for further consideration of both the presence of, and reasons for, increased variance in perception, attention, and memory across neurodevelopmental disorders.
(© 2018 The British Psychological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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