Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain.

Autor:	Anttila V; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. verneri.anttila@gmail.com acorvin@tcd.ie bneale@broadinstitute.org.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Bulik-Sullivan B; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Finucane HK; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Walters RK; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Bras J; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK., Duncan L; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA., Escott-Price V; Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK.; Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Falcone GJ; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Gormley P; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Malik R; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany., Patsopoulos NA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Ripke S; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Wei Z; Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA., Yu D; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Lee PH; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Turley P; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Grenier-Boley B; INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.; Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France.; Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France., Chouraki V; INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.; Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France.; Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.; Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France., Kamatani Y; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Berr C; INSERM U1061 - Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France.; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.; Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France., Letenneur L; INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France., Hannequin D; Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.; Inserm U1245, Rouen, France., Amouyel P; INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.; Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France.; Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.; Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France., Boland A; Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France., Deleuze JF; Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France., Duron E; Department of Gerontology, Hôpital Broca, AH-HP, Paris, France.; Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France., Vardarajan BN; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Dept of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Reitz C; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Goate AM; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Huentelman MJ; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA., Kamboh MI; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Larson EB; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA., Rogaeva E; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., St George-Hyslop P; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Hakonarson H; Center for Applied Genomics of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Kukull WA; National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Farrer LA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA., Barnes LL; Rush Alzheimers Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA., Beach TG; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA., Demirci FY; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Head E; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA., Hulette CM; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA., Jicha GA; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA., Kauwe JSK; Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA., Kaye JA; Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA., Leverenz JB; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Levey AI; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Lieberman AP; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Pankratz VS; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA., Poon WW; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA., Quinn JF; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.; Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA., Saykin AJ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA., Schneider LS; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Smith AG; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA., Sonnen JA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Stern RA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA., Van Deerlin VM; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Van Eldik LJ; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA., Harold D; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland., Russo G; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/UZH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Rubinsztein DC; Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK., Bayer A; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Tsolaki M; 1st and 3rd Departments of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece., Proitsi P; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Fox NC; Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK., Hampel H; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.; AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France ., Owen MJ; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Mead S; Institute of Prion Diseases and MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London, UK., Passmore P; Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Morgan K; Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK., Nöthen MM; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Rossor M; Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK., Lupton MK; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.; Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK., Hoffmann P; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Kornhuber J; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany., Lawlor B; Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland., McQuillin A; Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK., Al-Chalabi A; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; King's College Hospital, London, UK., Bis JC; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Ruiz A; Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain., Boada M; Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain., Seshadri S; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.; Neurology and Neurogenetics Core, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.; School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Beiser A; School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.; School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Rice K; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., van der Lee SJ; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., De Jager PL; Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA., Geschwind DH; Neurogenetics Program, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Center For Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Riemenschneider M; Department of Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany., Riedel-Heller S; Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany., Rotter JI; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA., Ransmayr G; Department of Neurology II, Kepler University Clinic, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria., Hyman BT; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Cruchaga C; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Alegret M; Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain., Winsvold B; Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Palta P; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Farh KH; Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Cuenca-Leon E; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Furlotte N; 23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, US., Kurth T; Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Ligthart L; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Terwindt GM; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands., Freilinger T; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Ran C; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Gordon SD; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia., Borck G; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany., Adams HHH; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Lehtimäki T; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland., Wedenoja J; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Buring JE; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., Schürks M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany., Hrafnsdottir M; Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland., Hottenga JJ; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA., Penninx B; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Artto V; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland., Kaunisto M; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Vepsäläinen S; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland., Martin NG; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia., Montgomery GW; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Kurki MI; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Hämäläinen E; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Huang H; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Huang J; Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Brigham Women's Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Sandor C; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Webber C; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Muller-Myhsok B; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK., Schreiber S; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.; Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany., Salomaa V; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland., Loehrer E; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Göbel H; Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany., Macaya A; Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Pozo-Rosich P; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.; Headache Research Group, VHIR, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Hansen T; Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark., Werge T; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark., Kaprio J; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Metspalu A; Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Kubisch C; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Ferrari MD; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands., Belin AC; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., van den Maagdenberg AMJM; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands., Zwart JA; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Boomsma D; Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Eriksson N; 23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, US., Olesen J; Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Chasman DI; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Nyholt DR; Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Avbersek A; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK., Baum L; Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Berkovic S; Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia., Bradfield J; Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA, USA., Buono RJ; Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.; Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Catarino CB; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.; Epilepsy Society, Chalfont-St-Peter, Bucks, UK., Cossette P; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada., De Jonghe P; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-CMN, Antwerp, Belgium.; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium., Depondt C; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium., Dlugos D; Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Ferraro TN; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., French J; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Hjalgrim H; Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense, Denmark., Jamnadas-Khoda J; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.; Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Kälviäinen R; Epilepsy Center/Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., Kunz WS; Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.; Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany., Lerche H; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany., Leu C; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London., Lindhout D; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.; Epilepsy Foundation in the Netherlands (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands., Lo W; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA., Lowenstein D; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA., McCormack M; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Møller RS; Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark.; Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Molloy A; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Ng PW; United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.; Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong., Oliver K; Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia., Privitera M; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Radtke R; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA., Ruppert AK; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany., Sander T; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany., Schachter S; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Schankin C; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.; Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany., Scheffer I; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Schoch S; Institute of Neuropathology, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany., Sisodiya SM; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK., Smith P; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK., Sperling M; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Striano P; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, 'G. Gaslini' Institute, Genova, Italy., Surges R; Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany., Thomas GN; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK., Visscher F; Department of Neurology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands., Whelan CD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland., Zara F; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy., Heinzen EL; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA., Marson A; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.; Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK., Becker F; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.; Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany., Stroink H; CWZ Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Zimprich F; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria., Gasser T; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany., Gibbs R; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Heutink P; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Martinez M; INSERM U1220, IRSD, Toulouse, France.; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France., Morris HR; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK., Sharma M; Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometery, University of Tubingen, Germany., Ryten M; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK., Mok KY; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.; Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Pulit S; Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., Bevan S; University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK., Holliday E; Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia., Attia J; University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia., Battey T; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Boncoraglio G; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.; PhD Program in Neuroscience, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy., Thijs V; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia., Chen WM; University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA., Mitchell B; Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Rothwell P; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Sharma P; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK .; Ashford & St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK., Sudlow C; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Vicente A; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.; Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal., Markus H; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Kourkoulis C; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Pera J; Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland., Raffeld M; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA., Silliman S; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA., Boraska Perica V; University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia., Thornton LM; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Huckins LM; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., William Rayner N; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK., Lewis CM; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK., Gratacos M; Genes and Disease Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain., Rybakowski F; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland., Keski-Rahkonen A; Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland., Raevuori A; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland., Hudson JI; Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA., Reichborn-Kjennerud T; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Monteleone P; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno,Italy., Karwautz A; Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Mannik K; Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland., Baker JH; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., O'Toole JK; Kartini Clinic, Portland, OR, USA., Trace SE; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Davis OSP; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Helder SG; Zorg op Orde BV, Leidschendam, The Netherlands.; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK., Ehrlich S; Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Herpertz-Dahlmann B; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine of University Clinics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany ., Danner UN; Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., van Elburg AA; Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Clementi M; Medical Genetics Unit, Department SDB, University of Padova, Padova, Italy., Forzan M; UOC Genetica ed Epidemiologica Clinica Az. Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy., Docampo E; Department of Human Genetics, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.; Department of Rheumatology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Lissowska J; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland., Hauser J; Department of Psychiatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland., Tortorella A; Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Maj M; Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania 'luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy., Gonidakis F; Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Tziouvas K; Aglaia Kyriakou Childrens Hospital, Athens, Greece., Papezova H; Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic., Yilmaz Z; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Wagner G; Medical University of Vienna, Austria., Cohen-Woods S; School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia., Herms S; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Julià A; Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain., Rabionet R; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain., Dick DM; Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular Genetics, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia., Ripatti S; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA., Andreassen OA; NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Espeseth T; NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway., Lundervold AJ; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway., Steen VM; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway., Pinto D; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Scherer SW; McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada., Aschauer H; Biopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria., Schosser A; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Zentren für Seelische Gesundheit, BBRZ-Med, Vienna, Austria., Alfredsson L; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Padyukov L; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden., Halmi KA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA., Mitchell J; School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.; Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA., Strober M; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Bergen AW; BioRealm, Walnut, California, USA.; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA., Kaye W; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Szatkiewicz JP; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Cormand B; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Ramos-Quiroga JA; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Sánchez-Mora C; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Ribasés M; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Casas M; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Programa Corporatiu 'Neurodevelopment Disorders along Life Span', Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.; Clinica Galatea y PAIMM, Mental Health Program for Impaired Physicians, Barcelona, Spain., Hervas A; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain., Arranz MJ; Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa., Haavik J; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway., Zayats T; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Johansson S; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway., Williams N; Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK., Dempfle A; Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany., Rothenberger A; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany., Kuntsi J; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Oades RD; Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany., Banaschewski T; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Franke B; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Buitelaar JK; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Arias Vasquez A; Department of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Doyle AE; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Reif A; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Lesch KP; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; Department of Translational Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany., Freitag C; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Rivero O; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany., Palmason H; Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland., Romanos M; Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany., Langley K; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Rietschel M; Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Witt SH; Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Dalsgaard S; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.; Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway., Børglum AD; Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark., Waldman I; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Wilmot B; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA., Molly N; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Bau CHD; Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Crosbie J; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Schachar R; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Loo SK; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., McGough JJ; Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Grevet EH; ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Medland SE; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia., Robinson E; Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Weiss LA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Bacchelli E; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Bailey A; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.; Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada., Bal V; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Battaglia A; Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy., Betancur C; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France., Bolton P; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Maudsley Hospital, London, UK., Cantor R; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Celestino-Soper P; LifeOmic, Indianapolis, IN, USA., Dawson G; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., De Rubeis S; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Duque F; Child Developmental Center, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., Green A; Dept of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Klauck SM; Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Leboyer M; Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France., Levitt P; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA .; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Maestrini E; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Mane S; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., De-Luca DM; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA., Parr J; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.; Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK.; Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK., Regan R; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland., Reichenberg A; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Sandin S; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Vorstman J; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada., Wassink T; Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Wijsman E; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Cook E; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Santangelo S; Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA., Delorme R; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debre Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Rogé B; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.; CERESA, Toulouse, France.; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France., Magalhaes T; Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.; Academic Centre on Rare Diseases University College Dublin (ACoRD/UCD), Dublin, Ireland., Arking D; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Schulze TG; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.; Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA., Thompson RC; Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Strohmaier J; Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.; SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany., Matthews K; Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.; Advanced Interventions Service, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK., Melle I; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Morris D; Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland., Blackwood D; Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., McIntosh A; Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Bergen SE; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Schalling M; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Jamain S; Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France., Maaser A; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Fischer SB; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Reinbold CS; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Fullerton JM; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia., Guzman-Parra J; Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain., Mayoral F; Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain., Schofield PR; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia., Cichon S; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany., Mühleisen TW; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Degenhardt F; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Schumacher J; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Bauer M; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Mitchell PB; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia., Gershon ES; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Rice J; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Potash JB; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Zandi PP; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Craddock N; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Ferrier IN; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK., Alda M; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic., Rouleau GA; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada., Turecki G; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada., Ophoff R; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Pato C; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA., Anjorin A; University College London, London, UK., Stahl E; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA., Leber M; Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany., Czerski PM; Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland., Cruceanu C; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany., Jones IR; National Centre for Mental Health, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Posthuma D; Department Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Andlauer TFM; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Forstner AJ; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Streit F; Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Baune BT; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia., Air T; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia., Sinnamon G; Bela Menso Brain and Behaviour Centre, James Cook University, Varsity Lakes, Australia.; Bond University, Faculty of Society and Design, Robina, Australia., Wray NR; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., MacIntyre DJ; Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Porteous D; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Homuth G; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Rivera M; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK., Grove J; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Middeldorp CM; Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.; Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Health and Hospital Service, Brisbane, Australia.; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Hickie I; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia., Pergadia M; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Mehta D; School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Smit JH; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ Ingeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Jansen R; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., de Geus E; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Dunn E; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Li QS; Janssen Research & Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA., Nauck M; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany .; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Schoevers RA; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands., Beekman AT; 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Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2018 Jun 22; Vol. 360 (6395).
DOI:	10.1126/science.aap8757
Abstrakt:	Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology. (Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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