Mammalian X Chromosome Dosage Compensation: Perspectives From the Germ Line.

Autor: Sangrithi MN; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 119077, Singapore., Turner JMA; Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology [Bioessays] 2018 Jun; Vol. 40 (6), pp. e1800024. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 May 14.
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800024
Abstrakt: Sex chromosomes are advantageous to mammals, allowing them to adopt a genetic rather than environmental sex determination system. However, sex chromosome evolution also carries a burden, because it results in an imbalance in gene dosage between females (XX) and males (XY). This imbalance is resolved by X dosage compensation, which comprises both X chromosome inactivation and X chromosome upregulation. X dosage compensation has been well characterized in the soma, but not in the germ line. Germ cells face a special challenge, because genome wide reprogramming erases epigenetic marks responsible for maintaining the X dosage compensated state. Here we explain how evolution has influenced the gene content and germ line specialization of the mammalian sex chromosomes. We discuss new research uncovering unusual X dosage compensation states in germ cells, which we postulate influence sexual dimorphisms in germ line development and cause infertility in individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidy.
(© 2018 The Authors. BioEssays Published by Periodicals, Inc.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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