Enhanced surveillance for Rift Valley Fever in livestock during El Niño rains and threat of RVF outbreak, Kenya, 2015-2016.

Autor: Oyas H; Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Unit, Kenya Ministry of Agriculture, livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya., Holmstrom L; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America., Kemunto NP; Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Washington State University, Nairobi, Kenya., Muturi M; Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya., Mwatondo A; Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya., Osoro E; Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya., Bitek A; Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya., Bett B; Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Githinji JW; Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Unit, Kenya Ministry of Agriculture, livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya., Thumbi SM; Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Washington State University, Nairobi, Kenya., Widdowson MA; Division of Global Health Protection, United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya., Munyua PM; Division of Global Health Protection, United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya., Njenga MK; Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Washington State University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2018 Apr 26; Vol. 12 (4), pp. e0006353. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Apr 26 (Print Publication: 2018).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006353
Abstrakt: Background: In mid-2015, the United States' Pandemic Prediction and Forecasting Science and Technical Working Group of the National Science and Technology Council, Food and Agriculture Organization Emergency Prevention Systems, and Kenya Meteorological Department issued an alert predicting a high possibility of El-Niño rainfall and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) epidemic in Eastern Africa.
Methodology/principal Findings: In response to the alert, the Kenya Directorate of Veterinary Services (KDVS) carried out an enhanced syndromic surveillance system between November 2015 and February 2016, targeting 22 RVF high-risk counties in the country as identified previously through risk mapping. The surveillance collected data on RVF-associated syndromes in cattle, sheep, goats, and camels from >1100 farmers through 66 surveillance officers. During the 14-week surveillance period, the KDVS received 10,958 reports from participating farmers and surveillance officers, of which 362 (3.3%) had at least one syndrome. The reported syndromes included 196 (54.1%) deaths in young livestock, 133 (36.7%) abortions, and 33 (9.1%) hemorrhagic diseases, with most occurring in November and December, the period of heaviest rainfall. Of the 69 herds that met the suspect RVF herd definition (abortion in flooded area), 24 (34.8%) were defined as probable (abortions, mortalities in the young ones, and/or hemorrhagic signs) but none were confirmed.
Conclusion/significance: This surveillance activity served as an early warning system that could detect RVF disease in animals before spillover to humans. It was also an excellent pilot for designing and implementing syndromic surveillance in animals in the country, which is now being rolled out using a mobile phone-based data reporting technology as part of the global health security system.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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