Musical training, bilingualism, and executive function: working memory and inhibitory control.

Autor: D'Souza AA; 1Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada.; 2LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON Canada., Moradzadeh L; 1Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada.; 2LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON Canada., Wiseheart M; 1Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada.; 2LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cognitive research: principles and implications [Cogn Res Princ Implic] 2018; Vol. 3 (1), pp. 11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Apr 11.
DOI: 10.1186/s41235-018-0095-6
Abstrakt: The current study investigated whether long-term experience in music or a second language is associated with enhanced cognitive functioning. Early studies suggested the possibility of a cognitive advantage from musical training and bilingualism but have failed to be replicated by recent findings. Further, each form of expertise has been independently investigated leaving it unclear whether any benefits are specifically caused by each skill or are a result of skill learning in general. To assess whether cognitive benefits from training exist, and how unique they are to each training domain, the current study compared musicians and bilinguals to each other, plus to individuals who had expertise in both skills, or neither. Young adults ( n = 153) were categorized into one of four groups: monolingual musician; bilingual musician; bilingual non-musician; and monolingual non-musician. Multiple tasks per cognitive ability were used to examine the coherency of any training effects. Results revealed that musically trained individuals, but not bilinguals, had enhanced working memory. Neither skill had enhanced inhibitory control. The findings confirm previous associations between musicians and improved cognition and extend existing evidence to show that benefits are narrower than expected but can be uniquely attributed to music compared to another specialized auditory skill domain. The null bilingual effect despite a music effect in the same group of individuals challenges the proposition that young adults are at a performance ceiling and adds to increasing evidence on the lack of a bilingual advantage on cognition.
Competing Interests: All individuals provided written informed consent before participation. Ethics approval for this project was provided by the York University Human Participants Review Sub-Committee, certificate #2009-198.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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