ALT-803, an IL-15 superagonist, in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial.

Autor:	Wrangle JM; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Velcheti V; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Patel MR; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Garrett-Mayer E; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Hill EG; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Ravenel JG; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Miller JS; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Farhad M; Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA., Anderton K; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Lindsey K; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Taffaro-Neskey M; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Sherman C; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Suriano S; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Swiderska-Syn M; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Sion A; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Harris J; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Edwards AR; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Rytlewski JA; Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA., Sanders CM; Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA., Yusko EC; Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA., Robinson MD; Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Krieg C; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Redmond WL; Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA., Egan JO; Altor BioScience, Miramar, FL, USA., Rhode PR; Altor BioScience, Miramar, FL, USA., Jeng EK; Altor BioScience, Miramar, FL, USA., Rock AD; Altor BioScience, Miramar, FL, USA., Wong HC; Altor BioScience, Miramar, FL, USA., Rubinstein MP; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address: markrubinstein@musc.edu.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Lancet. Oncology [Lancet Oncol] 2018 May; Vol. 19 (5), pp. 694-704. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Apr 05.
DOI:	10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30148-7
Abstrakt:	Background: Immunotherapy with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade fails to induce a response in about 80% of patients with unselected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and many of those who do initially respond then develop resistance to treatment. Agonists that target the shared interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15Rβγ pathway have induced complete and durable responses in some cancers, but no studies have been done to assess the safety or efficacy of these agonists in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We aimed to define the safety, tolerability, and activity of this drug combination in patients with NSCLC. Methods: In this non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial, we enrolled patients (aged ≥18 years) with previously treated histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC from three academic hospitals in the USA. Key eligibility criteria included measurable disease, eligibility to receive anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Patients received the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab intravenously at 3 mg/kg (then 240 mg when US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]-approved dosing changed) every 14 days (either as new treatment or continued treatment at the time of disease progression) and the IL-15 superagonist ALT-803 subcutaneously once per week on weeks 1-5 of four 6-week cycles for 6 months. ALT-803 was administered at one of four escalating dose concentrations: 6, 10, 15, or 20 μg/kg. The primary endpoint was to define safety and tolerability and to establish a recommended phase 2 dose of ALT-803 in combination with nivolumab. Analyses were per-protocol and included any patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02523469; phase 2 enrolment of patients is ongoing. Findings: Between Jan 18, 2016, and June 28, 2017, 23 patients were enrolled and 21 were treated at four dose levels of ALT-803 in combination with nivolumab. Two patients did not receive treatment because of the development of inter-current illness during enrolment, one patient due to leucopenia and one patient due to pulmonary dysfunction. No dose-limiting toxicities were recorded and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common adverse events were injection-site reactions (in 19 [90%] of 21 patients) and flu-like symptoms (15 [71%]). The most common grade 3 adverse events, occurring in two patients each, were lymphocytopenia and fatigue. A grade 3 myocardial infarction occurred in one patient. No grade 4 or 5 adverse events were recorded. The recommended phase 2 dose of ALT-803 is 20 μg/kg given once per week subcutaneously in combination with 240 mg intravenous nivolumab every 2 weeks. Interpretation: ALT-803 in combination with nivolumab can be safely administered in an outpatient setting. The promising clinical activity observed with the addition of ALT-803 to the regimen of patients with PD-1 monoclonal antibody relapsed and refractory disease shows evidence of anti-tumour activity for a new class of agents in NSCLC. Funding: Altor BioScience (a NantWorks company), National Institutes of Health, and Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center. (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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