Predicting ecosystem vulnerability to biodiversity loss from community composition.

Autor:	Heilpern SA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA., Weeks BC; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA.; Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024, USA.; Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA., Naeem S; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA.; Earth Institute Center for Environmental Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Ecology [Ecology] 2018 May; Vol. 99 (5), pp. 1099-1107. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Apr 18.
DOI:	10.1002/ecy.2219
Abstrakt:	Ecosystems vary widely in their responses to biodiversity change, with some losing function dramatically while others are highly resilient. However, generalizations about how species- and community-level properties determine these divergent ecosystem responses have been elusive because potential sources of variation (e.g., trophic structure, compensation, functional trait diversity) are rarely evaluated in conjunction. Ecosystem vulnerability, or the likely change in ecosystem function following biodiversity change, is influenced by two types of species traits: response traits that determine species' individual sensitivities to environmental change, and effect traits that determine a species' contribution to ecosystem function. Here we extend the response-effect trait framework to quantify ecosystem vulnerability and show how trophic structure, within-trait variance, and among-trait covariance affect ecosystem vulnerability by linking extinction order and functional compensation. Using in silico trait-based simulations we found that ecosystem vulnerability increased when response and effect traits positively covaried, but this increase was attenuated by decreasing trait variance. Contrary to expectations, in these communities, both functional diversity and trophic structure increased ecosystem vulnerability. In contrast, ecosystem functions were resilient when response and effect traits covaried negatively, and variance had a positive effect on resiliency. Our results suggest that although biodiversity loss is often associated with decreases in ecosystem functions, such effects are conditional on trophic structure, and the variation within and covariation among response and effect traits. Taken together, these three factors can predict when ecosystems are poised to lose or gain function with ongoing biodiversity change. (© 2018 by the Ecological Society of America.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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