Response of Submerged Macrophyte Communities to External and Internal Restoration Measures in North Temperate Shallow Lakes.

Autor: Hilt S; Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany., Alirangues Nuñez MM; Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany., Bakker ES; Departmnet of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands., Blindow I; Biological Station of Hiddensee, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Davidson TA; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark., Gillefalk M; Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany., Hansson LA; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Janse JH; Departmnet of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Den Haag, Netherlands., Janssen ABG; Departmnet of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., Jeppesen E; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China., Kabus T; Institute of Applied Freshwater Ecology, Seddiner See, Germany., Kelly A; Broads Authority, Norwich, United Kingdom., Köhler J; Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany., Lauridsen TL; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China., Mooij WM; Departmnet of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., Noordhuis R; Deltares, Delft, Netherlands., Phillips G; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom., Rücker J; Department of Freshwater Conservation, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany., Schuster HH; Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz, Sulingen, Germany., Søndergaard M; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China., Teurlincx S; Departmnet of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands., van de Weyer K; Lanaplan, Nettetal, Germany., van Donk E; Departmnet of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands., Waterstraat A; Gesellschaft für Naturschutz und Landschaftsökologie, Kratzeburg, Germany., Willby N; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom., Sayer CD; Department of Geography, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Frontiers in plant science [Front Plant Sci] 2018 Feb 19; Vol. 9, pp. 194. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Feb 19 (Print Publication: 2018).
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00194
Abstrakt: Submerged macrophytes play a key role in north temperate shallow lakes by stabilizing clear-water conditions. Eutrophication has resulted in macrophyte loss and shifts to turbid conditions in many lakes. Considerable efforts have been devoted to shallow lake restoration in many countries, but long-term success depends on a stable recovery of submerged macrophytes. However, recovery patterns vary widely and remain to be fully understood. We hypothesize that reduced external nutrient loading leads to an intermediate recovery state with clear spring and turbid summer conditions similar to the pattern described for eutrophication. In contrast, lake internal restoration measures can result in transient clear-water conditions both in spring and summer and reversals to turbid conditions. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these contrasting restoration measures result in different macrophyte species composition, with added implications for seasonal dynamics due to differences in plant traits. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed data on water quality and submerged macrophytes from 49 north temperate shallow lakes that were in a turbid state and subjected to restoration measures. To study the dynamics of macrophytes during nutrient load reduction, we adapted the ecosystem model PCLake. Our survey and model simulations revealed the existence of an intermediate recovery state upon reduced external nutrient loading, characterized by spring clear-water phases and turbid summers, whereas internal lake restoration measures often resulted in clear-water conditions in spring and summer with returns to turbid conditions after some years. External and internal lake restoration measures resulted in different macrophyte communities. The intermediate recovery state following reduced nutrient loading is characterized by a few macrophyte species (mainly pondweeds) that can resist wave action allowing survival in shallow areas, germinate early in spring, have energy-rich vegetative propagules facilitating rapid initial growth and that can complete their life cycle by early summer. Later in the growing season these plants are, according to our simulations, outcompeted by periphyton, leading to late-summer phytoplankton blooms. Internal lake restoration measures often coincide with a rapid but transient colonization by hornworts, waterweeds or charophytes. Stable clear-water conditions and a diverse macrophyte flora only occurred decades after external nutrient load reduction or when measures were combined.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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