Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows.

Autor:	Locher B; Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. andipiquerez@hotmail.com., Piquerez A; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. martina.ragettli@unibas.ch., Habermacher M; n-Sphere AG, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland. manuel.habermacher@n-sphere.ch., Ragettli M; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. danielle.vienneau@unibas.ch.; Centre for Chronobiology, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland. danielle.vienneau@unibas.ch., Röösli M; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. maria.foraster@unibas.ch.; Centre for Chronobiology, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland. maria.foraster@unibas.ch., Brink M; Federal Office for the Environment, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. mark.brink@bafu.admin.ch., Cajochen C; Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. christian.cajochen@upkbs.ch., Vienneau D; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.; Centre for Chronobiology, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland., Foraster M; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.; Centre for Chronobiology, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland., Müller U; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, 51147 Köln, Germany. Uwe.Mueller@dlr.de., Wunderli JM; Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. jean-marc.wunderli@empa.ch.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal of environmental research and public health [Int J Environ Res Public Health] 2018 Jan 18; Vol. 15 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jan 18.
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph15010149
Abstrakt:	Noise exposure prediction models for health effect studies normally estimate free field exposure levels outside. However, to assess the noise exposure inside dwellings, an estimate of indoor sound levels is necessary. To date, little field data is available about the difference between indoor and outdoor noise levels and factors affecting the damping of outside noise. This is a major cause of uncertainty in indoor noise exposure prediction and may lead to exposure misclassification in health assessments. This study aims to determine sound level differences between the indoors and the outdoors for different window positions and how this sound damping is related to building characteristics. For this purpose, measurements were carried out at home in a sample of 102 Swiss residents exposed to road traffic noise. Sound pressure level recordings were performed outdoors and indoors, in the living room and in the bedroom. Three scenarios-of open, tilted, and closed windows-were recorded for three minutes each. For each situation, data on additional parameters such as the orientation towards the source, floor, and room, as well as sound insulation characteristics were collected. On that basis, linear regression models were established. The median outdoor-indoor sound level differences were of 10 dB(A) for open, 16 dB(A) for tilted, and 28 dB(A) for closed windows. For open and tilted windows, the most relevant parameters affecting the outdoor-indoor differences were the position of the window, the type and volume of the room, and the age of the building. For closed windows, the relevant parameters were the sound level outside, the material of the window frame, the existence of window gaskets, and the number of windows. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu