Gut microbiota and probiotics: novel immune system modulators in myasthenia gravis?

Autor: Rinaldi E; Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurological Institute 'Carlo Besta,' Milan, Italy., Consonni A; Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurological Institute 'Carlo Besta,' Milan, Italy., Guidesi E; AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Piacenza, Italy., Elli M; AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Piacenza, Italy., Mantegazza R; Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurological Institute 'Carlo Besta,' Milan, Italy., Baggi F; Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurological Institute 'Carlo Besta,' Milan, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences [Ann N Y Acad Sci] 2018 Feb; Vol. 1413 (1), pp. 49-58. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jan 17.
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13567
Abstrakt: Gut microorganisms (microbiota) live in symbiosis with the host and influence human nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immune development and function. The microbiota prevents pathogen infection to the host, and in turn the host provides a niche for survival. The alteration of gut bacteria composition (dysbiosis) could contribute to the development of immune-mediated diseases by influencing the immune system activation and driving the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in order to promote or counteract immune reactions. Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms able to interact with the gut microbiota and provide health benefits; their use has recently been exploited to dampen immunological response in several experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Here, we focus on the relationships among commensal bacteria, probiotics, and the gut, describing the main interactions occurring with the immune system and recent data supporting the clinical efficacy of probiotic administration in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis (MG) animal models. The encouraging results suggest that selected strains of probiotics should be evaluated in clinical trials as adjuvant therapy to restore the disrupted tolerance in myasthenia gravis.
(© 2018 New York Academy of Sciences.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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