1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Investigate Potential Etiologies of Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria.

Autor:	Potchen MJ; Faculty of Medical Radiation Sciences, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Imaging Sciences, Neuroradiology Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York., Kampondeni SD; Malawi MRI Center, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.; Department of Imaging Sciences, Neuroradiology Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York., Seydel KB; Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.; Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan., Haacke EM; Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan., Sinyangwe SS; Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia., Mwenechanya M; Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia., Glover SJ; Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland., Milner DA; American Society for Clinical Pathologists, Washington, DC., Zeli E; Radiology Division, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia., Hammond CA; Radiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan., Utriainen D; Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Detroit, Michigan., Lishimpi K; Radiology Division, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.; Faculty of Medical Radiation Sciences, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia., Taylor TE; Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.; Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan., Birbeck GL; Epilepsy Care Team, Chikankata Hospital, Mazabuka, Zambia.; Department of Neurology, Strong Epilepsy Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene [Am J Trop Med Hyg] 2018 Feb; Vol. 98 (2), pp. 497-504. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jan 04.
DOI:	10.4269/ajtmh.17-0309
Abstrakt:	The hallmark of pediatric cerebral malaria (CM) is sequestration of parasitized red blood cells in the cerebral microvasculature. Malawi-based research using 0.35 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) established that severe brain swelling is associated with fatal CM, but swelling etiology remains unclear. Autopsy and clinical studies suggest several potential etiologies, but limitations of 0.35 T MRI precluded optimal investigations into swelling pathophysiology. A 1.5 T MRI in Zambia allowed for further investigations including susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). SWI is an ideal sequence for identifying regions of sequestration and microhemorrhages given the ferromagnetic properties of hemozoin and blood. Using 1.5 T MRI, Zambian children with retinopathy-confirmed CM underwent imaging with SWI, T2, T1 pre- and post-gadolinium, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficients and T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Sixteen children including two with moderate/severe edema were imaged; all survived. Gadolinium extravasation was not seen. DWI abnormalities spared the gray matter suggesting vasogenic edema with viable tissue rather than cytotoxic edema. SWI findings consistent with microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration co-occurred in white matter regions where DWI changes consistent with vascular congestion were seen. Imaging findings consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome were seen in children who subsequently had a rapid clinical recovery. High field MRI indicates that vascular congestion associated with parasite sequestration, local inflammation from microhemorrhages and autoregulatory dysfunction likely contribute to brain swelling in CM. No gross radiological blood brain barrier breakdown or focal cortical DWI abnormalities were evident in these children with nonfatal CM.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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