Sugar and Aldehyde Content in Flavored Electronic Cigarette Liquids.

Autor:	Fagan P; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA., Pokhrel P; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Herzog TA; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Moolchan ET; 325 Elm Street Cambridge, MA 02139., Cassel KD; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Franke AA; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Li X; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Pagano I; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Trinidad DR; Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA., Sakuma KK; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, Oregon State University, Waldo Corvallis, OR., Sterling K; School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA., Jorgensen D; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Lynch T; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Kawamoto C; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Guy MC; Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA., Lagua I; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Hanes S; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Alexander LA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV., Clanton MS; Accenture, Austin, Texas., Graham-Tutt C; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI., Eissenberg T; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco [Nicotine Tob Res] 2018 Jul 09; Vol. 20 (8), pp. 985-992.
DOI:	10.1093/ntr/ntx234
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Sugars are major constituents and additives in traditional tobacco products, but little is known about their content or related toxins (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) liquids. This study quantified levels of sugars and aldehydes in e-cigarette liquids across brands, flavors, and nicotine concentrations (n = 66). Methods: Unheated e-cigarette liquids were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and enzymatic test kits. Generalized linear models, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient assessed sugar, aldehyde, and nicotine concentration associations. Results: Glucose, fructose and sucrose levels exceeded the limits of quantification in 22%, 53% and 53% of the samples. Sucrose levels were significantly higher than glucose [χ2(1) = 85.9, p < .0001] and fructose [χ2(1) = 10.6, p = .001] levels. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein levels exceeded the limits of quantification in 72%, 84%, and 75% of the samples. Acetaldehyde levels were significantly higher than formaldehyde [χ2(1) = 11.7, p = .0006] and acrolein [χ2(1) = 119.5, p < .0001] levels. Differences between nicotine-based and zero-nicotine labeled e-cigarette liquids were not statistically significant for sugars or aldehydes. We found significant correlations between formaldehyde and fructose (-0.22, p = .004) and sucrose (-0.25, p = .002) and acrolein and fructose (-0.26, p = .0006) and sucrose (-0.21, p = .0006). There were no significant correlations between acetaldehyde and any of the sugars or any of the aldehydes and glucose. Conclusions: Sugars and related aldehydes were identified in unheated e-cigarette liquids and their composition may influence experimentation in naïve users and their potential toxicity. Implications: The data can inform the regulation of specific flavor constituents in tobacco products as a strategy to protect young people from using e-cigarettes, while balancing FDA's interest in how these emerging products could potentially benefit adult smokers who are seeking to safely quit cigarette smoking. The data can also be used to educate consumers about ingredients in products that may contain nicotine and inform future FDA regulatory policies related to product standards and accurate and comprehensible labeling of e-cigarette liquids.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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