Challenges in Ras therapeutics in pancreatic cancer.

Autor: Choi M; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States. Electronic address: Minsig.choi@stonybrookmedicine.edu., Bien H; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States., Mofunanya A; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States., Powers S; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Seminars in cancer biology [Semin Cancer Biol] 2019 Feb; Vol. 54, pp. 101-108. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Nov 21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.015
Abstrakt: Pancreatic cancer is considered among the most aggressive and the least curable of all human malignancies. It is usually characterized by multiple aberrations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, most notably activating mutations in KRAS. This review examines the various attempts that have been made to inhibit Kras and its downstream signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer with an emphasis on challenges related to clinical trials. Attempts include preventing the localization of Ras protein to the plasma membrane, inhibiting downstream oncogenic signaling by targeting Kras effectors such as MEK1/2, Erk1/2 or Akt singly or in combination, and directly inhibiting Kras protein. Most clinical trials have focused on inhibiting downstream effector pathways and clinical benefit has been limited due to compensatory mechanisms and toxicity associated with small therapeutic windows. Additionally, genetic screens have been conducted to identify gene or genes that could provide therapeutic vulnerabilities in mutant KRAS cells and provide a way to target mutant Kras protein only. We also discuss how potentially transforming clinical trials have failed in the past and what new strategies are on-going in clinical trials for pancreas cancer. For long-term success in targeting Kras, future efforts should focus on combinatorial strategies to more effectively block Kras pathways at multiple points, and improve translational application of pre-clinical data to the clinic.
(Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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