What factors determine the preferred gait transition speed in humans? A review of the triggering mechanisms.

Autor: Kung SM; School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, 63 Wallace Street, Mt Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. Electronic address: s.kung@massey.ac.nz., Fink PW; School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. Electronic address: p.fink@massey.ac.nz., Legg SJ; School of Public Health, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. Electronic address: s.j.legg@massey.ac.nz., Ali A; School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Albany Highway, Albany 0632, New Zealand. Electronic address: a.ali@massey.ac.nz., Shultz SP; School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, 63 Wallace Street, Mt Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. Electronic address: s.p.shultz@massey.ac.nz.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Human movement science [Hum Mov Sci] 2018 Feb; Vol. 57, pp. 1-12. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Nov 06.
DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.10.023
Abstrakt: Human locomotion is a fundamental skill that is required for daily living, yet it is not completely known how human gait is regulated in a manner that seems so effortless. Gait transitions have been analyzed to gain insight into the control mechanisms of human locomotion since there is a known change that occurs as the speed of locomotion changes. Specifically, as gait speed changes, there is a spontaneous transition between walking and running that occurs at a particular speed. Despite the growing body of research on the determinants of this preferred transition speed and thus the triggering mechanisms of human gait transitions, a clear consensus regarding the control mechanisms of gait is still lacking. Therefore, this article reviews the determinants of the preferred transition speed using concepts of the dynamic systems theory and how these determinants contribute to four proposed triggers (i.e. metabolic efficiency, mechanical efficiency, mechanical load and cognitive and perceptual) of human gait transitions. While individual anthropometric and strength characteristics influence the preferred transition speed, they do not act to trigger a gait transition. The research has more strongly supported the mechanical efficiency and mechanical load determinants as triggering mechanisms of human gait transitions. These mechanical determinants, combined with cognitive and perceptual processes may thus be used to regulate human gait patterns through proprioceptive and perceptual feedback as the speed of locomotion changes.
(Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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