Temporal association of rotavirus vaccination and genotype circulation in South Africa: Observations from 2002 to 2014.

Autor: Page NA; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Electronic address: nicolap@nicd.ac.za., Seheri LM; South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa., Groome MJ; Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Moyes J; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa., Walaza S; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa., Mphahlele J; South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa., Kahn K; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Kapongo CN; Department of Paediatrics, Ngwelezane Hospital, Empangeni, South Africa., Zar HJ; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health/MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Tempia S; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa., Cohen C; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa., Madhi SA; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2018 Nov 12; Vol. 36 (47), pp. 7231-7237. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Oct 27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.062
Abstrakt: Background: Rotavirus vaccination has reduced diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality globally. The monovalent rotavirus vaccine was introduced into the public immunization program in South Africa (SA) in 2009 and led to approximately 50% reduction in rotavirus hospitalization in young children. The aim of this study was to investigate the rotavirus genotype distribution in SA before and after vaccine introduction.
Materials and Methods: In addition to pre-vaccine era surveillance conducted from 2002 to 2008 at Dr George Mukhari Hospital (DGM), rotavirus surveillance among children <5 years hospitalized for acute diarrhoea was established at seven sentinel sites in SA from April 2009 to December 2014. Stool specimens were screened by enzyme immunoassay and rotavirus positive specimens genotyped using standardised methods.
Results: At DGM, there was a significant decrease in G1 strains from pre-vaccine introduction (34%; 479/1418; 2002-2009) compared to post-vaccine introduction (22%; 37/170; 2010-2014; p for trend <.001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in non-G1P[8] strains at this site (p for trend <.001). In expanded sentinel surveillance, when adjusted for age and site, the odds of rotavirus detection in hospitalized children with diarrhoea declined significantly from 2009 (46%; 423/917) to 2014 (22%; 205/939; p<.001). The odds of G1 detection declined significantly from 2009 (53%; 224/421) to 2010-2011 (26%; 183/703; aOR=0.5; p<.001) and 2012-2014 (9%; 80/905; aOR=0.1; p<.001). Non-G1P[8] strains showed a significant increase from 2009 (33%; 139/421) to 2012-2014 (52%; 473/905; aOR=2.5; p<.001).
Conclusions: Rotavirus vaccination of children was associated with temporal changes in circulating genotypes. Despite these temporal changes in circulating genotypes, the overall reduction in rotavirus disease in South Africa remains significant.
(Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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