Multi-site cholera surveillance within the African Cholera Surveillance Network shows endemicity in Mozambique, 2011-2015.

Autor: Semá Baltazar C; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Surveillance Department, Maputo, Mozambique., Langa JP; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique., Dengo Baloi L; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique., Wood R; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France., Ouedraogo I; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France., Njanpop-Lafourcade BM; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France., Inguane D; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Surveillance Department, Maputo, Mozambique., Elias Chitio J; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique., Mhlanga T; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France., Gujral L; National Public Health Directorate, Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique., D Gessner B; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France., Munier A; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France., A Mengel M; Agence de Médecine Préventive, Enteric Diseases Program, Paris, France.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2017 Oct 09; Vol. 11 (10), pp. e0005941. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Oct 09 (Print Publication: 2017).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005941
Abstrakt: Background: Mozambique suffers recurrent annual cholera outbreaks especially during the rainy season between October to March. The African Cholera Surveillance Network (Africhol) was implemented in Mozambique in 2011 to generate accurate detailed surveillance data to support appropriate interventions for cholera control and prevention in the country.
Methodology/principal Findings: Africhol was implemented in enhanced surveillance zones located in the provinces of Sofala (Beira), Zambézia (District Mocuba), and Cabo Delgado (Pemba City). Data were also analyzed from the three outbreak areas that experienced the greatest number of cases during the time period under observation (in the districts of Cuamba, Montepuez, and Nampula). Rectal swabs were collected from suspected cases for identification of Vibrio cholerae, as well as clinical, behavioral, and socio-demographic variables. We analyzed factors associated with confirmed, hospitalized, and fatal cholera using multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 1,863 suspected cases and 23 deaths (case fatality ratio (CFR), 1.2%) were reported from October 2011 to December 2015. Among these suspected cases, 52.2% were tested of which 23.5% were positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa. Risk factors independently associated with the occurrence of confirmed cholera were living in Nampula city district, the year 2014, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the primary water source for drinking.
Conclusions/significance: Cholera was endemic in Mozambique during the study period with a high CFR and identifiable risk factors. The study reinforces the importance of continued cholera surveillance, including a strong laboratory component. The results enhanced our understanding of the need to target priority areas and at-risk populations for interventions including oral cholera vaccine (OCV) use, and assess the impact of prevention and control strategies. Our data were instrumental in informing integrated prevention and control efforts during major cholera outbreaks in recent years.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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