Seasonal changes in background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 prove water drinking by harp seals, which affects the use of the doubly labelled water method.

Autor:	Nordøy ES; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway erling.nordoy@uit.no., Lager AR; UNN University Hospital of North Norway, Division of Internal Medicine, Post-box 101, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway., Schots PC; Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of experimental biology [J Exp Biol] 2017 Dec 01; Vol. 220 (Pt 23), pp. 4450-4455. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Oct 05.
DOI:	10.1242/jeb.161943
Abstrakt:	The aim of this study was to monitor seasonal changes in stable isotopes of pool freshwater and harp seal ( Phoca groenlandica ) body water, and to study whether these potential seasonal changes might bias results obtained using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method when measuring energy expenditure in animals with access to freshwater. Seasonal changes in the background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the body water of four captive harp seals and in the freshwater pool in which they were kept were measured over a time period of 1 year. The seals were offered daily amounts of capelin and kept under a seasonal photoperiod of 69°N. Large seasonal variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the pool water were measured, and the isotope abundance in the body water showed similar seasonal changes to the pool water. This shows that the seals were continuously equilibrating with the surrounding water as a result of significant daily water drinking. Variations in background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 in freshwater sources may be due to seasonal changes in physical processes such as precipitation and evaporation that cause fractionation of isotopes. Rapid and abrupt changes in the background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 may complicate calculation of energy expenditure by use of the DLW method. It is therefore strongly recommended that analysis of seasonal changes in background levels of isotopes is performed before the DLW method is applied on (free-ranging) animals, and to use a control group in order to correct for changes in background levels. Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing or financial interests. (© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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