| Autor: |
Gómez-Meda BC; Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico., Zúñiga-González GM; Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico., Sánchez-Orozco LV; Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico., Zamora-Perez AL; Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Departamento de Clínicas Odontológicas Integrales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico., Rojas-Ramírez JP; Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico., Rocha-Muñoz AD; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo periférico No. 555 Ejido San José Tatepozco, C.P. 48525, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico., Sobrevilla-Navarro AA; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo periférico No. 555 Ejido San José Tatepozco, C.P. 48525, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico., Arellano-Avelar MA; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo periférico No. 555 Ejido San José Tatepozco, C.P. 48525, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico., Guerrero-de León AA; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo periférico No. 555 Ejido San José Tatepozco, C.P. 48525, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico., Armendáriz-Borunda JS; Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico., Sánchez-Parada MG; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo periférico No. 555 Ejido San José Tatepozco, C.P. 48525, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico. sanchez.mariscal@hotmail.com. |
| Abstrakt: |
The Santiago River is one of the most contaminated rivers in Mexico, with heavy metal levels above the allowed limits. Scientific evidence indicates that chronic heavy metal exposure leads to cytogenotoxic effects. The aims of this study were to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of such exposure in buccal mucosa cells by micronucleus (MN) assay and to identify other nuclear abnormalities (NAs), such as nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), karyolysis (KL), and abnormally condensed chromatin (CC). Assays were performed on samples from four populations located alongside the Santiago River that are under chronic exposure to heavy metals and other metals (HMMs), and the results were compared with those of a population without exposure to HMMs. The exposed group showed increased frequencies of NAs (KX, CC, and KL), which are associated with cytotoxic damage, and NBUDs, which are associated with genotoxic damage. Increased frequencies of NBUDs and CC were observed in subjects from El Salto/Juanacatlán, Ocotlán, and Paso de Guadalupe, and an increase in KX frequency was observed in subjects from El Salto/Juanacatlán. Significant differences in KL frequency were observed in subjects from La Barca, El Salto/Juanacatlán, Paso de Guadalupe, and Ocotlán. Predictors for increased development of MNs and NBUDs were high concentrations of Al, Zn, and Cu. In conclusion, chronic exposure to HMMs, especially Al, Cu, and Zn, in the studied population could be related to increased frequencies of NAs, such as NBUDs, KX, CC, and KL, in the buccal mucosa cells. |
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