Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study.

Autor:	Castro-Piñero J; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain., Delgado-Alfonso A; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain., Gracia-Marco L; Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; GENUD 'Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development' Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain., Gómez-Martínez S; Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain., Esteban-Cornejo I; Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain., Veiga OL; Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Marcos A; Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain., Segura-Jiménez V; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2017 Sep 11; Vol. 7 (9), pp. e016048. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Sep 11.
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016048
Abstrakt:	Objective: Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals' health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: 23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain. Participants: 2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1-4 and 7-10. Measures: Pubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated. Results: NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, P<0.001 for girls) and adiponectin (R2=0.049, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.036, P<0.001 for girls); and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2 from 0.035 to 0.353, P<0.01 for boys; R2 from 0.024 to 0.215, P<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein and LDL-c only in boys (R2 from 0.013 to 0.055, P<0.05). Conclusion: NC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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