| Autor: |
Gomez-Velazquez M; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Badia-Careaga C; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Lechuga-Vieco AV; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain., Nieto-Arellano R; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Tena JJ; Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain., Rollan I; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Alvarez A; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Torroja C; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Caceres EF; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Roy AR; Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Galjart N; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Delgado-Olguin P; Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Sanchez-Cabo F; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Enriquez JA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Gomez-Skarmeta JL; Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain., Manzanares M; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. |
| Abstrakt: |
Cardiac progenitors are specified early in development and progressively differentiate and mature into fully functional cardiomyocytes. This process is controlled by an extensively studied transcriptional program. However, the regulatory events coordinating the progression of such program from development to maturation are largely unknown. Here, we show that the genome organizer CTCF is essential for cardiogenesis and that it mediates genomic interactions to coordinate cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation in the developing heart. Inactivation of Ctcf in cardiac progenitor cells and their derivatives in vivo during development caused severe cardiac defects and death at embryonic day 12.5. Genome wide expression analysis in Ctcf mutant hearts revealed that genes controlling mitochondrial function and protein production, required for cardiomyocyte maturation, were upregulated. However, mitochondria from mutant cardiomyocytes do not mature properly. In contrast, multiple development regulatory genes near predicted heart enhancers, including genes in the IrxA cluster, were downregulated in Ctcf mutants, suggesting that CTCF promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation by facilitating enhancer-promoter interactions. Accordingly, loss of CTCF disrupts gene expression and chromatin interactions as shown by chromatin conformation capture followed by deep sequencing. Furthermore, CRISPR-mediated deletion of an intergenic CTCF site within the IrxA cluster alters gene expression in the developing heart. Thus, CTCF mediates local regulatory interactions to coordinate transcriptional programs controlling transitions in morphology and function during heart development. |
