| Autor: |
Miller OD; Department of Applied Physics and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States., Ilic O; Department of Applied Physics and Material Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States., Christensen T; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States., Reid MTH; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States., Atwater HA; Department of Applied Physics and Material Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States., Joannopoulos JD; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States., Soljačić M; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States., Johnson SG; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a platform for strong light-matter interactions, creating wide-ranging design opportunities via new-material discoveries and new methods for geometrical structuring. We derive general upper bounds to the strength of such light-matter interactions, given only the optical conductivity of the material, including spatial nonlocality, and otherwise independent of shape and configuration. Our material figure-of-merit shows that highly doped graphene is an optimal material at infrared frequencies, whereas single-atomic-layer silver is optimal in the visible. For quantities ranging from absorption and scattering to near-field spontaneous-emission enhancements and radiative heat transfer, we consider canonical geometrical structures and show that in certain cases the bounds can be approached, while in others there may be significant opportunity for design improvement. The bounds can encourage systematic improvements in the design of ultrathin broadband absorbers, 2D antennas, and near-field energy harvesters. |
