Muscle Stem Cell and Physical Activity: What Point is the Debate at?

Autor:	Ceccarelli G; Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Benedetti L; Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Arcari ML; Department of Medicine and Surgery, S.Bi.Bi.T. Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy., Carubbi C; Department of Medicine and Surgery, S.Bi.Bi.T. Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy., Galli D; Department of Medicine and Surgery, S.Bi.Bi.T. Unit and Sport and Exercise Medicine Center (SEM)., University of Parma c/o Ospedale Maggiore, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Tel: +39-0521-036306, , Parma, Italy.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, S.Bi.Bi.T. Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) [Open Med (Wars)] 2017 Jul 24; Vol. 12, pp. 144-156. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jul 24 (Print Publication: 2017).
DOI:	10.1515/med-2017-0022
Abstrakt:	In the last 15 years, it emerged that the practice of regular physical activity reduces the risks of many diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.) and it is fundamental in weight control and energy consuming to contrast obesity. Different groups proposed many molecular mechanisms as responsible for the positive effects of physical activity in healthy life. However, many points remain to be clarified. In this mini-review we reported the latest observations on the effects of physical exercise on healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle focusing on muscle stem cells. The last ones represent the fundamental elements for muscle regeneration post injury, but also for healthy muscle homeostasis. Interestingly, in both muscle tissues the morphological consequence of physical activity is a physiological hypertrophy that depends on different phenomena both in differentiated cells and stem cells. The signaling pathways for physical exercise effects present common elements in skeletal and cardiac muscle, like activation of specific transcription factors, proliferative pathways, and cytokines. More recently, post translational (miRNAs) or epigenetic (DNA methylation) modifications have been demonstrated. However, several points remain unresolved thus requiring new research on the effect of exercise on muscle stem cells. Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: No authors report any conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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