| Autor: |
Kleinlützum D; Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Hanauer JDS; Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany., Muik A; Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany., Hanschmann KM; Biostatistics, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany., Kays SK; Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany., Ayala-Breton C; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States., Peng KW; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States., Mühlebach MD; Product Testing of Immunological Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany., Abel T; Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany., Buchholz CJ; Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. |
| Abstrakt: |
Therapy resistance and tumor recurrence are often linked to a small refractory and highly tumorigenic subpopulation of neoplastic cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). A putative marker of CSCs is CD133 (prominin-1). We have previously described a CD133-targeted oncolytic measles virus (MV-CD133) as a promising approach to specifically eliminate CD133-positive tumor cells. Selectivity was introduced at the level of cell entry by an engineered MV hemagglutinin (H). The H protein was blinded for its native receptors and displayed a CD133-specific single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) as targeting domain. Interestingly, MV-CD133 was more active in killing CD133-positive tumors than the unmodified MV-NSe despite being highly selective for its target cells. To further enhance the antitumoral activity of MV-CD133, we here pursued arming technologies, receptor extension, and chimeras between MV-CD133 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). All newly generated viruses including VSV-CD133 were highly selective in eliminating CD133-positive cells. MV-CD46/CD133 killed in addition CD133-negative cells being positive for the MV receptors. In an orthotopic glioma model, MV-CD46/CD133 and MV SCD -CD133, which encodes the super cytosine deaminase, were most effective. Notably, VSV-CD133 caused fatal neurotoxicity in this tumor model. Use of CD133 as receptor could be excluded as being causative. In a subcutaneous tumor model of hepatocellular cancer, VSV-CD133 revealed the most potent oncolytic activity and also significantly prolonged survival of the mice when injected intravenously. Compared to MV-CD133, VSV-CD133 infected a more than 10 4 -fold larger area of the tumor within the same time period. Our data not only suggest new concepts and approaches toward enhancing the oncolytic activity of CD133-targeted oncolytic viruses but also raise awareness about careful toxicity testing of novel virus types. |
