REST suppression mediates neural conversion of adult human fibroblasts via microRNA-dependent and -independent pathways.

Autor: Drouin-Ouellet J; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Lau S; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Brattås PL; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Rylander Ottosson D; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Pircs K; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Grassi DA; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Collins LM; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK., Vuono R; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK., Andersson Sjöland A; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Lung Biology BMC, C12 Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Westergren-Thorsson G; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Lung Biology BMC, C12 Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Graff C; Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Minthon L; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Toresson H; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Barker RA; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK., Jakobsson J; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Parmar M; Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden malin.parmar@med.lu.se.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: EMBO molecular medicine [EMBO Mol Med] 2017 Aug; Vol. 9 (8), pp. 1117-1131.
DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607471
Abstrakt: Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into mature and functional neurons, termed induced neurons (iNs), was achieved for the first time 6 years ago. This technology offers a promising shortcut for obtaining patient- and disease-specific neurons for disease modeling, drug screening, and other biomedical applications. However, fibroblasts from adult donors do not reprogram as easily as fetal donors, and no current reprogramming approach is sufficiently efficient to allow the use of this technology using patient-derived material for large-scale applications. Here, we investigate the difference in reprogramming requirements between fetal and adult human fibroblasts and identify REST as a major reprogramming barrier in adult fibroblasts. Via functional experiments where we overexpress and knockdown the REST-controlled neuron-specific microRNAs miR-9 and miR-124, we show that the effect of REST inhibition is only partially mediated via microRNA up-regulation. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that REST knockdown activates an overlapping subset of neuronal genes as microRNA overexpression and also a distinct set of neuronal genes that are not activated via microRNA overexpression. Based on this, we developed an optimized one-step method to efficiently reprogram dermal fibroblasts from elderly individuals using a single-vector system and demonstrate that it is possible to obtain iNs of high yield and purity from aged individuals with a range of familial and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's, Huntington's, as well as Alzheimer's disease.
(© 2017 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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