Long-term exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and respiratory disease incidence in in Toronto, Canada: a cohort study.

Autor: Weichenthal S; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue, West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada. scott.weichenthal@mcgill.ca.; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada. scott.weichenthal@mcgill.ca., Bai L; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada., Hatzopoulou M; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Van Ryswyk K; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada., Kwong JC; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Jerrett M; School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., van Donkelaar A; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada., Martin RV; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA., Burnett RT; Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada., Lu H; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada., Chen H; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental health : a global access science source [Environ Health] 2017 Jun 19; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 64. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jun 19.
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0276-7
Abstrakt: Background: Little is known about the long-term health effects of ambient ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm) (UFPs) including their association with respiratory disease incidence. In this study, we examined the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient UFPs and the incidence of lung cancer, adult-onset asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: Our study cohort included approximately 1.1 million adults who resided in Toronto, Canada and who were followed for disease incidence between 1996 and 2012. UFP exposures were assigned to residential locations using a land use regression model. Random-effect Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) describing the association between ambient UFPs and respiratory disease incidence adjusting for ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ), NO 2 , and other individual/neighbourhood-level covariates.
Results: In total, 74,543 incident cases of COPD, 87,141 cases of asthma, and 12,908 cases of lung cancer were observed during follow-up period. In single pollutant models, each interquartile increase in ambient UFPs was associated with incident COPD (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.09) but not asthma (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01) or lung cancer (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.03). Additional adjustment for NO 2 attenuated the association between UFPs and COPD and the HR was no longer elevated (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.03). PM 2.5 and NO 2 were each associated with increased incidence of all three outcomes but risk estimates for lung cancer were sensitive to indirect adjustment for smoking and body mass index.
Conclusions: In general, we did not observe clear evidence of positive associations between long-term exposure to ambient UFPs and respiratory disease incidence independent of other air pollutants. Further replication is required as few studies have evaluated these relationships.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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