Aging and Sexual Differences of the Human Skull.

Autor:	Toledo Avelar LE; Department of Anthropology, Civil Police Department; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Barbacena; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Department of Anatomy, School of Health and Human Ecology (FASEH); Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil; and University of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Cardoso MA; Department of Anthropology, Civil Police Department; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Barbacena; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Department of Anatomy, School of Health and Human Ecology (FASEH); Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil; and University of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Santos Bordoni L; Department of Anthropology, Civil Police Department; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Barbacena; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Department of Anatomy, School of Health and Human Ecology (FASEH); Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil; and University of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Miranda Avelar L; Department of Anthropology, Civil Police Department; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Barbacena; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Department of Anatomy, School of Health and Human Ecology (FASEH); Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil; and University of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Miranda Avelar JV; Department of Anthropology, Civil Police Department; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine of Barbacena; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Department of Anatomy, School of Health and Human Ecology (FASEH); Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil; and University of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open [Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open] 2017 Apr 27; Vol. 5 (4), pp. e1297. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Apr 27 (Print Publication: 2017).
DOI:	10.1097/GOX.0000000000001297
Abstrakt:	Background: The aging process of the face comprises all layers: skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles, and skeleton, and the signs of aging depend mainly on which layer is mostly affected. Objective: To evaluate the aging facial skeleton, as well as establish the sexual differences, areas with a strong predisposition to resorption, and aesthetic repercussion for better treatment approach. Methods: Skulls from the Forensic Anthropology Department of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were classified according to gender and age group (i.e., <20 years, 20-50 years, >50 years). Structural changes were classified according to gender and age group. Results: Of the 241 skulls included, 192 were male skulls and 49 female. Sexual dimorphism and age-related peculiarities are described herein. Conclusions: The knowledge of the anatomy of the aging face, taking into consideration all the layers (skin, fat pads, muscles, and bones), as a whole, for the treatment of folds and shadows is vital for a better and more natural final aesthetic outcome.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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