High-throughput biochemical profiling reveals sequence determinants of dCas9 off-target binding and unbinding.

Autor:	Boyle EA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Andreasson JOL; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Chircus LM; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Sternberg SH; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720., Wu MJ; Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Guegler CK; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720., Doudna JA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720., Greenleaf WJ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; wjg@stanford.edu.; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2017 May 23; Vol. 114 (21), pp. 5461-5466. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 May 11.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1700557114
Abstrakt:	The bacterial adaptive immune system CRISPR-Cas9 has been appropriated as a versatile tool for editing genomes, controlling gene expression, and visualizing genetic loci. To analyze Cas9's ability to bind DNA rapidly and specifically, we generated multiple libraries of potential binding partners for measuring the kinetics of nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) interactions. Using a massively parallel method to quantify protein-DNA interactions on a high-throughput sequencing flow cell, we comprehensively assess the effects of combinatorial mismatches between guide RNA (gRNA) and target nucleotides, both in the seed and in more distal nucleotides, plus disruption of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). We report two consequences of PAM-distal mismatches: reversal of dCas9 binding at long time scales, and synergistic changes in association kinetics when other gRNA-target mismatches are present. Together, these observations support a model for Cas9 specificity wherein gRNA-DNA mismatches at PAM-distal bases modulate different biophysical parameters that determine association and dissociation rates. The methods we present decouple aspects of kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the Cas9-DNA interaction and broaden the toolkit for investigating off-target binding behavior. Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: S.H.S. is an employee of Caribou Biosciences, Inc. and an inventor on patents and patent applications related to CRISPR-Cas systems and applications thereof. J.A.D. is a cofounder of Editas Medicine, Intellia Therapeutics, and Caribou Biosciences and a scientific advisor to Caribou, Intellia, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, and Driver. J.A.D. receives funding from Roche, Pfizer, the Paul Allen Institute, and the Keck Foundation.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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