Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience.

Autor:	Opitz A; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962; Alex.Opitz@nki.rfmh.org.; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022., Falchier A; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962., Linn GS; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962., Milham MP; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962.; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022., Schroeder CE; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2017 May 16; Vol. 114 (20), pp. 5243-5246. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 May 01.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1617024114
Abstrakt:	A long history of postmortem studies has provided significant insight into human brain structure and organization. Cadavers have also proven instrumental for the measurement of artifacts and nonneural effects in functional imaging, and more recently, the study of biophysical properties critical to brain stimulation. However, death produces significant changes in the biophysical properties of brain tissues, making an ex vivo to in vivo comparison complex, and even questionable. This study directly compares biophysical properties of electric fields arising from transcranial electric stimulation (TES) in a nonhuman primate brain pre- and postmortem. We show that pre- vs. postmortem, TES-induced intracranial electric fields differ significantly in both strength and frequency response dynamics, even while controlling for confounding factors such as body temperature. Our results clearly indicate that ex vivo cadaver and in vivo measurements are not easily equitable. In vivo examinations remain essential to establishing an adequate understanding of even basic biophysical phenomena in vivo. Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: A.O. is an inventor on patents and patent applications describing methods and devices for noninvasive brain stimulation.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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