Plant reproduction is altered by simulated herbicide drift to constructed plant communities.

Autor: Olszyk D; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA., Pfleeger T; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA., Shiroyama T; Senior Environmental Employment Program, Corvallis, Oregon, USA., Blakeley-Smith M; Greenbelt Land Trust, Corvallis, Oregon, USA., Lee EH; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA., Plocher M; Consolidated Safety Services, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental toxicology and chemistry [Environ Toxicol Chem] 2017 Oct; Vol. 36 (10), pp. 2799-2813. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jun 05.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3839
Abstrakt: Herbicide drift may have unintended impacts on native vegetation, adversely affecting individual species and plant communities. To determine the potential ecological effects of herbicide drift, small plant community plots were constructed using 9 perennial species found in different Willamette Valley (OR, USA) grassland habitats. Studies were conducted at 2 Oregon State University (Corvallis, OR, USA) farms in 2 separate years, with single and combined treatments of 0.01 to 0.2× field application rates (f.a.r.) of 1119 g ha -1 for glyphosate (active ingredient [a.i.] of 830 g ha -1 acid glyphosate) and 560 g ha -1 a.i. for dicamba. Plant responses were percentage of cover, number of reproductive structures, mature and immature seed production, and vegetative biomass. Herbicide effects differed with species, year, and, to a lesser extent, farm. Generally, 0.1 to 0.2× f.a.r. of the herbicides were required to affect reproduction in Camassia leichtlinii, Elymus glaucus, Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca idahoensis, Iris tenax, and Prunella vulgaris. Eriophyllum lanatum also had a significant increase in percentage of immature seed dry weight with 0.01× f.a.r. of dicamba or the combination of glyphosate plus dicamba. Other species showed similar trends, but fewer significant responses. These studies indicated potential effects of low levels of herbicides on reproduction of native plants, and demonstrated a protocol whereby species growing in a constructed plant community can be evaluated for ecological responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2799-2813. Published 2017 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
(Published 2017 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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