Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits.

Autor: Justice AE; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Winkler TW; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany., Feitosa MF; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA., Graff M; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Fisher VA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Young K; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Barata L; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA., Deng X; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Czajkowski J; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA., Hadley D; Population Health Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK.; TransMed Systems, Inc., Cupertino, California 95014, USA., Ngwa JS; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland, USA., Ahluwalia TS; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark., Chu AY; NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA.; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA., Heard-Costa NL; NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA.; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Lim E; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Perez J; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Eicher JD; Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA., Kutalik Z; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss instititute of Bioinformatics., Xue L; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Mahajan A; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Renström F; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden., Wu J; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Qi Q; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA., Ahmad S; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Alfred T; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA., Amin N; Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, The Netherlands., Bielak LF; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Bonnefond A; University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France., Bragg J; Internal Medicine - Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Cadby G; Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia., Chittani M; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Via A. Di Rudiní, 8 20142, Milano, Italy., Coggeshall S; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA., Corre T; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss instititute of Bioinformatics., Direk N; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey., Eriksson J; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Fischer K; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia., Gorski M; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany., Neergaard Harder M; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Horikoshi M; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK., Huang T; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore., Huffman JE; Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Jackson AU; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Justesen JM; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Kanoni S; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Kinnunen L; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland., Kleber ME; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Komulainen P; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland., Kumari M; ISER, University of Essex, Colchester CO43SQ, UK.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK., Lim U; Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA., Luan J; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Lyytikäinen LP; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland., Mangino M; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK., Manichaikul A; Center for Public Health Genomics and Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA., Marten J; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Middelberg RPS; Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia., Müller-Nurasyid M; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany., Navarro P; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Pérusse L; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada., Pervjakova N; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia., Sarti C; Department of Social and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Smith AV; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland., Smith JA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Stančáková A; Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland., Strawbridge RJ; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden., Stringham HM; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Sung YJ; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA., Tanaka T; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore Maryland, USA., Teumer A; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany., Trompet S; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands., van der Laan SW; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands., van der Most PJ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV; Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Vedantam SL; Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA., Verweij N; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands., Vink JM; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Vitart V; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Wu Y; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Yengo L; University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France., Zhang W; Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK.; Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK., Hua Zhao J; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Zimmermann ME; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany., Zubair N; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA., Abecasis GR; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Adair LS; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Afaq S; Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK.; Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK., Afzal U; Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK.; Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK., Bakker SJL; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Bartz TM; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA., Beilby J; Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; School of Pathology and Laboraty Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia., Bergman RN; Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA., Bergmann S; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss instititute of Bioinformatics., Biffar R; Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Material Science, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany., Blangero J; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA., Boerwinkle E; Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, PO Box 20186, Houston, Texas 77225, USA., Bonnycastle LL; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Bottinger E; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA., Braga D; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Via A. Di Rudiní, 8 20142, Milano, Italy., Buckley BM; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland., Buyske S; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.; Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA., Campbell H; Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK., Chambers JC; Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK.; Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK.; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK., Collins FS; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Curran JE; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA., de Borst GJ; Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands., de Craen AJM; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands., de Geus EJC; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; EMGO+ Institute Vrije Universiteit &Vrije Universiteit Medical Center., Dedoussis G; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece., Delgado GE; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., den Ruijter HM; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands., Eiriksdottir G; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland., Eriksson AL; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Esko T; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.; Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA., Faul JD; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Ford I; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK., Forrester T; Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, JMAAW15 Jamaica., Gertow K; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden., Gigante B; Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Glorioso N; Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU-University of Sassari., Gong J; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA., Grallert H; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany., Grammer TB; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Grarup N; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Haitjema S; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands., Hallmans G; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden., Hamsten A; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden., Hansen T; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Harris TB; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Hartman CA; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Hassinen M; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland., Hastie ND; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Heath AC; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Hernandez D; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Hindorff L; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Hocking LJ; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Hollensted M; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Holmen OL; St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway., Homuth G; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany., Jan Hottenga J; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Huang J; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK., Hung J; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 25 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia., Hutri-Kähönen N; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland., Ingelsson E; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden.; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 750 85, Sweden., James AL; Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 25 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia., Jansson JO; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Jarvelin MR; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment &Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.; Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluP.O.Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland.; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220, 90029 Oulu, Finland., Jhun MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Jørgensen ME; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark., Juonala M; Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520 Finland.; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland., Kähönen M; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.; Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland., Karlsson M; Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden., Koistinen HA; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland.; Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029 Finland.; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, FI-00290 Finland., Kolcic I; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia., Kolovou G; Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece., Kooperberg C; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA., Krämer BK; Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Kuusisto J; Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland., Kvaløy K; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway., Lakka TA; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.; Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland., Langenberg C; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Launer LJ; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Leander K; Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Lee NR; USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.; Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines., Lind L; Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden., Lindgren CM; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Linneberg A; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Lobbens S; University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France., Loh M; Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK.; Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore 138648, Singapore., Lorentzon M; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Luben R; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Lubke G; Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA., Ludolph-Donislawski A; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany., Lupoli S; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Via A. Di Rudiní, 8 20142, Milano, Italy., Madden PAF; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Männikkö R; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland., Marques-Vidal P; Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne university hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland., Martin NG; Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia., McKenzie CA; Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, JMAAW15 Jamaica., McKnight B; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA., Mellström D; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Menni C; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK., Montgomery GW; Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Musk AB; Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia., Narisu N; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Nauck M; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany., Nolte IM; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Oldehinkel AJ; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Olden M; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany., Ong KK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Padmanabhan S; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland., Peyser PA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Pisinger C; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup Denmark.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Porteous DJ; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh., Raitakari OT; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland.; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland., Rankinen T; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA., Rao DC; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Rasmussen-Torvik LJ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Rawal R; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany., Rice T; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Ridker PM; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.; Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Rose LM; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA., Bien SA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA., Rudan I; Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK., Sanna S; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Italy., Sarzynski MA; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA., Sattar N; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK., Savonen K; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland., Schlessinger D; Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Scholtens S; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Schurmann C; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA., Scott RA; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Sennblad B; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.; Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Siemelink MA; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands., Silbernagel G; Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria., Slagboom PE; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands., Snieder H; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Staessen JA; Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science , University of Leuven, Campus Sint Rafael, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven; Belgium.; R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Brains Unlimited Building, Oxfordlaan 55, Maastricht, The Netherlands., Stott DJ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK., Swertz MA; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Swift AJ; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Taylor KD; 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Department of Public Health, and Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Wild S; Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK., Willemsen G; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Wolffenbuttel BHR; Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands., Wong A; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK., Wright AF; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Zhao W; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Zillikens MC; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Baldassarre D; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy., Balkau B; Inserm U-1018, CESP, 94807 Villejuif cedex France., Bandinelli S; Geriatric Unit, Azienda USL Toscana centro, Florence Italy., Böger CA; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany., Boomsma DI; Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Bouchard C; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA., Bruinenberg M; Lifelines Cohort Study, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands., Chasman DI; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Chen YD; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Chines PS; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Cooper RS; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 61053, USA., Cucca F; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy., Cusi D; Sanipedia srl, Bresso (Milano), Italy and Institute of Biomedical Technologies National Centre of Research Segrate, Milano, Italy., Faire U; Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Ferrucci L; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore Maryland, USA., Franks PW; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden., Froguel P; University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK., Gordon-Larsen P; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill North Carolina, 27516, USA., Grabe HJ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany., Gudnason V; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland., Haiman CA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA., Hayward C; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland., Hveem K; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway., Johnson AD; Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA., Wouter Jukema J; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Kardia SLR; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Kivimaki M; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK., Kooner JS; Faculty of Med, National Heart &Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Science, Hammersmith Campus, Hammersmith Hospital, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK.; Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK.; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK., Kuh D; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK., Laakso M; Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland., Lehtimäki T; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland., Marchand LL; Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA., März W; Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria., McCarthy MI; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK., Metspalu A; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia., Morris AP; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK., Ohlsson C; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Palmer LJ; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Pasterkamp G; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories &Pharmacy, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands., Pedersen O; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Peters A; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany., Peters U; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA., Polasek O; Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia., Psaty BM; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA., Qi L; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA., Rauramaa R; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland., Smith BH; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4RB, Scotland., Sørensen TIA; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (2000 Frederiksberg), The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol University, Bristol, UK., Strauch K; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany., Tiemeier H; Department of Psychiatry Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Tremoli E; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy., van der Harst P; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Vestergaard H; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark., Vollenweider P; Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne university hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland., Wareham NJ; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Weir DR; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Whitfield JB; Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia., Wilson JF; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK., Tyrrell J; Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.; European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, The Knowledge Spa, Truro TR1 3HD, UK., Frayling TM; Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK., Barroso I; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK.; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK., Boehnke M; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Deloukas P; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Fox CS; NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA., Hirschhorn JN; Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA., Hunter DJ; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Spector TD; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK., Strachan DP; Population Health Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK.; Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK., van Duijn CM; Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, The Netherlands.; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA). Leiden, The Netherlands.; Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands., Heid IM; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany., Mohlke KL; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Marchini J; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Loos RJF; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029, USA.; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA., Kilpeläinen TO; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.; Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA., Liu CT; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Borecki IB; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA., North KE; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Cupples LA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.; NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2017 Apr 26; Vol. 8, pp. 14977. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Apr 26.
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14977
Abstrakt: Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
Databáze: MEDLINE