Feed-Forwardness of Spinal Networks in Posture and Locomotion.

Autor: Gerasimenko Y; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 2 Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg, Russia.; 3 Russian Federation State Scientific Center, Institute for Bio-Medical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; 4 Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia., Sayenko D; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Gad P; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Liu CT; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Tillakaratne NJK; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 5 Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Roy RR; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 5 Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Kozlovskaya I; 2 Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg, Russia., Edgerton VR; 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 5 Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 6 Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 7 Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; 8 Institute Guttmann. Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry [Neuroscientist] 2017 Oct; Vol. 23 (5), pp. 441-453. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Dec 30.
DOI: 10.1177/1073858416683681
Abstrakt: We present a new perspective on the concept of feed-forward compared to feedback mechanisms for motor control. We propose that conceptually all sensory information in real time provided to the brain and spinal cord can be viewed as a feed-forward phenomenon. We also propose that the spinal cord continually adapts to a broad array of ongoing sensory information that is used to adjust the probability of making timely and predictable decisions of selected networks that will execute a given response. One interpretation of the term feedback historically entails responses with short delays. We propose that feed-forward mechanisms, however, range in timeframes of milliseconds to an evolutionary perspective, that is, "evolutionary learning." Continuously adapting events enable a high level of automaticity within the sensorimotor networks that mediate "planned" motor tasks. We emphasize that either a very small or a very large proportion of motor responses can be under some level of conscious vs automatic control. Furthermore, we make a case that a major component of automaticity of the neural control of movement in vertebrates is located within spinal cord networks. Even without brain input, the spinal cord routinely uses feed-forward processing of sensory information, particularly proprioceptive and cutaneous, to continuously make fundamental decisions that define motor responses. In effect, these spinal networks may be largely responsible for executing coordinated sensorimotor tasks, even those under normal "conscious" control.
Databáze: MEDLINE