| Autor: |
Rutishauser RL; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Hartogensis W; 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Deguit CD; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; 3 Department of Biochemistry, University of the Philippines , Manila, Philippines ., Krone M; 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Hoh R; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Hecht FM; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Pilcher CD; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Bacchetti P; 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Deeks SG; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Hunt PW; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California., McCune JM; 1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California. |
| Abstrakt: |
In untreated HIV infection, CD8 + T cell exhaustion (i.e., decreased proliferative and effector capacity) is associated with high levels of expression of coinhibitory receptors, including PD-1, T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), CD160, and 2B4. This is evident for both HIV-specific and non-HIV-specific CD8 + T cells. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated during chronic infection decreases but may not completely normalize the expression of such "exhaustion markers." Compared to initiation of ART later in the course of disease, initiation soon after infection reduces some parameters of chronic inflammation and adaptive immune dysfunction. However, it is not known if Early ART (e.g., initiated within the first 6 months after HIV infection) versus Delayed ART (e.g., initiated during chronic infection) preferentially reduces expression of exhaustion markers. We evaluated exhaustion marker expression on subsets of circulating effector and memory CD8 + T cells at longitudinal pre- and post-ART (2 and 5 years on ART) time points from n = 19 (Early ART) and n = 23 (Delayed ART) individuals. Before ART, TIGIT and CD160 were expressed on a statistically significantly higher proportion of effector and transitional memory cells from individuals in the Delayed ART group: the timing of ART initiation, however, did not consistently affect the expression of the exhaustion markers once viral suppression was achieved. Understanding which factors do and do not regulate aspects of CD8 + T cell exhaustion, including the expression of exhaustion markers, is critical to inform the rational design of CD8 + T cell-based therapies to treat HIV, for which CD8 + T cell exhaustion remains an important barrier to efficacy. |
