Influence of tramadol on acute thermal and mechanical cutaneous nociception in dogs.

Autor: Schütter AF; Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover Foundation, Germany. Electronic address: Alexandra.friederike.schuetter@tiho-hannover.de., Tünsmeyer J; Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover Foundation, Germany., Kästner SBR; Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover Foundation, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia [Vet Anaesth Analg] 2017 Mar; Vol. 44 (2), pp. 309-316. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jan 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.02.003
Abstrakt: Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of tramadol on acute nociception in dogs.
Study Design: Experimental, blinded, randomized, crossover study.
Animals: Six healthy laboratory Beagle dogs.
Methods: Dogs received three treatments intravenously (IV): isotonic saline placebo (P), tramadol 1 mg kg -1 (T1) and tramadol 4 mg kg -1 (T4). Thermal thresholds were determined by ramped contact heat stimulation (0.6 °C second -1 ) at the lateral thoracic wall. Mechanical thresholds (MT) were measured using a probe containing three blunted pins which were constantly advanced over the radial bone, using a rate of force increase of 0.8 N second -1 . Stimulation end points were defined responses (e.g. skin twitch, head turn, repositioning, vocalization) or pre-set cut-out values (55 °C, 20 N). Thresholds were determined before treatment and at predetermined time points up to 24 hours after treatment. At each measurement point, blood was collected for determination of O-desmethyltramadol concentrations. The degree of sedation and behavioural side effects were recorded. Data were analysed by one-way anova and two-way anova for repeated measurements.
Results: Thermal nociception was not influenced by drug treatment. Mechanical nociception was significantly increased between P and T1 at 120 and 240 minutes, and between P and T4 at 30, 60, 240 and 420 minutes. T1 and T4 did not differ. O-desmethyltramadol (M1) maximum plasma concentrations (C max ) were 4.2±0.8 ng mL -1 and 14.3±2.8 ng mL -1 for T1 and T4, respectively. Times to reach maximum plasma concentrations (T max ) were 27.6±6.3 minutes for T1 and 32.1±7.8 minutes for T4. No sedation occurred. There were signs of nausea and mild to moderate salivation in both groups.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Tramadol was metabolized marginally to O-desmethyltramadol and failed to produce clinically relevant acute antinociception. Therefore, the use of tramadol for acute nociceptive pain is questionable in dogs.
(Copyright © 2017 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: