Eltrombopag versus placebo for low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with thrombocytopenia (EQoL-MDS): phase 1 results of a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2 superiority trial.

Autor:	Oliva EN; Azienda Ospedaliera 'Bianchi Melacrino Morelli', Reggio Calabria, Italy. Electronic address: estheroliva@hotmail.com., Alati C; Azienda Ospedaliera 'Bianchi Melacrino Morelli', Reggio Calabria, Italy., Santini V; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Poloni A; Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy., Molteni A; ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Niscola P; Sant'Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy., Salvi F; SS.Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy., Sanpaolo G; IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy., Balleari E; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST, Genova, Italy., Germing U; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany., Fenaux P; Hôpital St Louis/Université Paris, France., Stamatoullas A; Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France., Palumbo GA; AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy., Salutari P; Ospedale Civile, Pescara, Italy., Impera S; A.R.N.A.S. Garibaldi, Catania, Italy., Avanzini P; S Maria Nuova IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy., Cortelezzi A; Fondazione IRCCS Caa' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Liberati AM; Universita degli studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy., Carluccio P; University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Buccisano F; Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Voso MT; Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Mancini S; San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy., Kulasekararaj A; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Morabito F; Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia A.O. di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy., Bocchia M; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Cufari P; A.O. Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli-Divisione di Ematologia, Reggio Calabria, Italy., Spiriti MA; University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy., Santacaterina I; Azienda Ospedaliera 'Bianchi Melacrino Morelli', Reggio Calabria, Italy., D'Errigo MG; Azienda Ospedaliera 'Bianchi Melacrino Morelli', Reggio Calabria, Italy., Bova I; Azienda Ospedaliera 'Bianchi Melacrino Morelli', Reggio Calabria, Italy., Zini G; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy., Latagliata R; Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Lancet. Haematology [Lancet Haematol] 2017 Mar; Vol. 4 (3), pp. e127-e136. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Feb 03.
DOI:	10.1016/S2352-3026(17)30012-1
Abstrakt:	Background: In myelodysplastic syndromes, thrombocytopenia is associated with mortality, but treatments in this setting are scarce. We tested whether eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, might be effective in improving thrombocytopenia in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and severe thrombocytopenia. Methods: EQoL-MDS was a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2 superiority trial of adult patients with low-risk or International Prognostic Scoring System intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and severe thrombocytopenia. Patients with a stable platelet count of lower than 30 × 10 9 platelets per L, aged at least 18 years, with refractoriness, ineligibility to receive treatment with alternative medications, or relapse while receiving treatment with alternative medications were included in this trial. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive eltrombopag (50 mg to 300 mg) or placebo for at least 24 weeks and until disease progression and were masked to treatment allocation. Here, we report the results in the intention-to-treat population of the first phase of the trial, for which the primary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a platelet response within 24 weeks and safety. The interim analysis presented here was protocol-specified and used a two-sided significance level of 0·001 and a p value at or below this limit for both primary endpoints to indicate the need for early trial termination. Duration of platelet transfusion independence, duration of response, overall survival, leukaemia-free survival, and pharmacokinetics will be reported at the end of the phase 2 portion of the trial. This trial is registered with EudraCT, number 2010-022890-33. Findings: Between June 13, 2011, and June 17, 2016, we enrolled 90 participants for the first phase of the trial. The median follow-up time to assess platelet responses was 11 weeks (IQR 4-24). Platelet responses occurred in 28 (47%) of 59 patients in the eltrombopag group versus one (3%) of 31 patients in the placebo group (odds ratio 27·1 [95% CI 3·5-211·9], p=0·0017). During the follow-up, 21 patients had at least one severe bleeding event (WHO bleeding score ≥2). There were a higher number of bleeders in the placebo (13 [42%] of 31 patients) than in the eltrombopag arm (eight [14%] of 59 patients; p=0·0025). 52 grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 27 (46%) of 59 patients in the eltrombopag group versus nine events in five (16%) of 31 patients in the placebo group (χ 2 =7·8, p=0·0053, stopping rule not reached). The outcome acute myeloid leukaemia evolution or disease progression occurred in seven (12%) of 59 patients in the eltrombopag group versus five (16%) of 31 patients in the placebo group (χ 2 =0·06, p=0·81). Interpretation: Eltrombopag is well-tolerated in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and severe thrombocytopenia and is clinically effective in raising platelet counts and reducing bleeding events. The assessment of long-term safety and efficacy of eltrombopag and its effect on survival (phase 2 part of study) is still ongoing. Funding: Associazione QOL-ONE. (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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