Bestrophin 1 and retinal disease.

Autor: Johnson AA; Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA., Guziewicz KE; Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Lee CJ; Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea., Kalathur RC; New York Structural Biology Center, New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York, NY, USA., Pulido JS; Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Marmorstein LY; Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Marmorstein AD; Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: Marmorstein.alan@mayo.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Progress in retinal and eye research [Prog Retin Eye Res] 2017 May; Vol. 58, pp. 45-69. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jan 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.006
Abstrakt: Mutations in the gene BEST1 are causally associated with as many as five clinically distinct retinal degenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as the "bestrophinopathies". These five associated diseases are: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy, adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The most common of these is Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Bestrophin 1 (Best1), the protein encoded by the gene BEST1, has been the subject of a great deal of research since it was first identified nearly two decades ago. Today we know that Best1 functions as both a pentameric anion channel and a regulator of intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. Best1 is an integral membrane protein which, within the eye, is uniquely expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it predominantly localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Within the brain, Best1 expression has been documented in both glial cells and astrocytes where it functions in both tonic GABA release and glutamate transport. The crystal structure of Best1 has revealed critical information about how Best1 functions as an ion channel and how Ca 2+ regulates that function. Studies using animal models have led to critical insights into the physiological roles of Best1 and advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the development of patient-derived, "disease in a dish" models. In this article we review our knowledge of Best1 and discuss prospects for near-term clinical trials to test therapies for the bestrophinopathies, a currently incurable and untreatable set of diseases.
(Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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