Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height.

Autor: Marouli E; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK., Graff M; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Medina-Gomez C; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands., Lo KS; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada., Wood AR; Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK., Kjaer TR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark., Fine RS; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Lu Y; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA., Schurmann C; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA., Highland HM; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.; Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA., Rüeger S; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland., Thorleifsson G; deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland., Justice AE; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Lamparter D; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland., Stirrups KE; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK., Turcot V; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada., Young KL; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Winkler TW; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93051, Germany., Esko T; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia., Karaderi T; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Locke AE; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA., Masca NG; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univeristy of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK., Ng MC; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA., Mudgal P; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA., Rivas MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Vedantam S; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Mahajan A; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Guo X; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Abecasis G; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Aben KK; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, 3501 DB, The Netherlands.; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Adair LS; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA., Alam DS; Centre for Control of Chronic Diseases (CCCD), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh., Albrecht E; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany., Allin KH; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Allison M; Department of Family Medicine &Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA., Amouyel P; INSERM U1167, Lille, F-59019, France.; Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, F-59019, France.; Universite de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, F-59019, France., Appel EV; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Arveiler D; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67085, France.; Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67081, France., Asselbergs FW; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK., Auer PL; Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA., Balkau B; INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Épidemiologie et Sante des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France., Banas B; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany., Bang LE; Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Benn M; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark., Bergmann S; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland., Bielak LF; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Blüher M; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.; University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, 04103, Germany., Boeing H; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany., Boerwinkle E; School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA., Böger CA; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany., Bonnycastle LL; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Bork-Jensen J; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Bots ML; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Bottinger EP; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA., Bowden DW; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA., Brandslund I; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark., Breen G; MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Maudsley, London, SE5 8AF, UK., Brilliant MH; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA., Broer L; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands., Burt AA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA., Butterworth AS; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Carey DJ; The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA., Caulfield MJ; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK., Chambers JC; Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK., Chasman DI; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Chen YI; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Chowdhury R; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Christensen C; Medical Department, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, 7100, Denmark., Chu AY; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.; NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA., Cocca M; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34100, Italy., Collins FS; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Cook JP; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK., Corley J; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK., Galbany JC; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Cox AJ; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia., Cuellar-Partida G; Diamantina Institute, University of Qeensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia., Danesh J; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; British Heart Foundation, Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Davies G; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK., de Bakker PI; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands., de Borst GJ; Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands., de Denus S; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada., de Groot MC; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Division of Laboratory and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands.; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacoepidemiology &Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TB, The Netherlands., de Mutsert R; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands., Deary IJ; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK., Dedoussis G; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece., Demerath EW; Division of Epidemiology &Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA., den Hollander AI; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Dennis JG; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Di Angelantonio E; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Drenos F; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social &Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK., Du M; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, New York 10017, USA., Dunning AM; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Easton DF; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Ebeling T; Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 90029, Finland.; Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland., Edwards TL; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA., Ellinor PT; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA., Elliott P; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK., Evangelou E; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece., Farmaki AE; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece., Faul JD; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA., Feitosa MF; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, Missouri 63108, USA., Feng S; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Ferrannini E; CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.; Department of Clinical &Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy., Ferrario MM; Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy., Ferrieres J; Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, TSA 50032 31059, France., Florez JC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Ford I; University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Fornage M; Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA., Franks PW; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden., Frikke-Schmidt R; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Galesloot TE; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Gan W; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Gandin I; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy., Gasparini P; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy.; Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, 26999, Qatar., Giedraitis V; Geriatrics, Department of Public Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden., Giri A; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA., Girotto G; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy.; Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, 26999, Qatar., Gordon SD; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia., Gordon-Larsen P; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Gorski M; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93051, Germany.; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany., Grarup N; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Grove ML; School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA., Gudnason V; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland., Gustafsson S; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 41, Sweden., Hansen T; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Harris KM; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Harris TB; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Hattersley AT; University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK., Hayward C; MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK., He L; Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland., Heid IM; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, D-93051, Germany.; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany., Heikkilä K; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland., Helgeland Ø; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway., Hernesniemi J; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Hewitt AW; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia.; Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia., Hocking LJ; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.; Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK., Hollensted M; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Holmen OL; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7600, Norway., Hovingh GK; AMC, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands., Howson JM; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Hoyng CB; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Huang PL; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA., Hveem K; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, 7600, Norway., Ikram MA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands., Ingelsson E; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 41, Sweden.; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA., Jackson AU; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Jansson JH; Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90185, Sweden.; Research Unit Skellefteå, Skellefteå, SE-93141, Sweden., Jarvik GP; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA., Jensen GB; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark., Jhun MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Jia Y; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Jiang X; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA., Johansson S; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway.; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway., Jørgensen ME; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark.; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark., Jørgensen T; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.; Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9000, Denmark.; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark., Jousilahti P; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland., Jukema JW; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.; The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, 2333, The Netherlands., Kahali B; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Kahn RS; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands., Kähönen M; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Kamstrup PR; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark., Kanoni S; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK., Kaprio J; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland., Karaleftheri M; Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos, Greece., Kardia SL; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Karpe F; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK., Kee F; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK., Keeman R; Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands., Kiemeney LA; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Kitajima H; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Kluivers KB; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Kocher T; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany., Komulainen P; Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland., Kontto J; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland., Kooner JS; Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK., Kooperberg C; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA., Kovacs P; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany., Kriebel J; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany.; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany., Kuivaniemi H; The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, 7505, South Africa., Küry S; CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, 44093, France., Kuusisto J; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland., La Bianca M; Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, 34137, Italy., Laakso M; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland., Lakka TA; Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.; Institute of Biomedicine &Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland., Lange EM; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Lange LA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Langefeld CD; Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA., Langenberg C; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Larson EB; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA., Lee IT; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan., Lehtimäki T; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Lewis CE; Division of Preventive Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA., Li H; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China., Li J; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA., Li-Gao R; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands., Lin H; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Lin LA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA., Lin X; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China., Lind L; Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden., Lindström J; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland., Linneberg A; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark.; Department of Experimental Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark., Liu Y; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Liu Y; Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA., Lophatananon A; Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK., Luan J; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Lubitz SA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA., Lyytikäinen LP; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland.; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Mackey DA; Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia., Madden PA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA., Manning AK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Männistö S; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland., Marenne G; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK., Marten J; MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK., Martin NG; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia., Mazul AL; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Meidtner K; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany., Metspalu A; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia., Mitchell P; Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2022, Australia., Mohlke KL; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Mook-Kanamori DO; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands.; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands., Morgan A; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy., Morris AD; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK., Morris AP; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK., Müller-Nurasyid M; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany.; Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany., Munroe PB; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK., Nalls MA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., Nauck M; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany., Nelson CP; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univeristy of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK., Neville M; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK., Nielsen SF; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark., Nikus K; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521, Finland., Njølstad PR; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway., Nordestgaard BG; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark., Ntalla I; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK., O'Connel JR; Program in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA., Oksa H; Department of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland., Loohuis LM; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA., Ophoff RA; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA., Owen KR; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK., Packard CJ; University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Padmanabhan S; University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Palmer CN; Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK., Pasterkamp G; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands., Patel AP; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA., Pattie A; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK., Pedersen O; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Peissig PL; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA., Peloso GM; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA., Pennell CE; School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia., Perola M; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.; University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland.; University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia, Tartu, 51010, Estonia., Perry JA; Program in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA., Perry JR; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Person TN; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA., Pirie A; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Polasek O; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.; School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia., Posthuma D; Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands., Raitakari OT; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland.; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland., Rasheed A; Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan., Rauramaa R; Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland., Reilly DF; MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Reiner AP; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA., Renström F; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden.; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden., Ridker PM; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Rioux JD; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada., Robertson N; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK., Robino A; Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, 34137, Italy., Rolandsson O; Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90185, Sweden.; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden., Rudan I; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK., Ruth KS; Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK., Saleheen D; Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA., Salomaa V; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland., Samani NJ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univeristy of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK., Sandow K; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Sapkota Y; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia., Sattar N; University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Schmidt MK; Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands., Schreiner PJ; Division of Epidemiology &Community Health University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA., Schulze MB; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany., Scott RA; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Segura-Lepe MP; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK., Shah S; Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA., Sim X; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore., Sivapalaratnam S; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Departement of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OPT, UK.; Department of Vascular Medicine, AMC, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands., Small KS; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kingís College London, London SE1 7EH, UK., Smith AV; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland., Smith JA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Southam L; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK., Spector TD; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kingís College London, London SE1 7EH, UK., Speliotes EK; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Starr JM; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK., Steinthorsdottir V; deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland., Stringham HM; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Stumvoll M; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.; University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, 04103, Germany., Surendran P; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., 't Hart LM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007MB, The Netherlands.; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZC, The Netherlands.; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZC, The Netherlands., Tansey KE; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4EP, UK.; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK., Tardif JC; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada., Taylor KD; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Teumer A; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany., Thompson DJ; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Thorsteinsdottir U; deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland., Thuesen BH; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark., Tönjes A; Center for Pediatric Research, Department for Women's and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany., Tromp G; The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA.; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, 7505, South Africa., Trompet S; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands., Tsafantakis E; Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia, Greece., Tuomilehto J; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.; Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria.; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait.; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia., Tybjaerg-Hansen A; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Tyrer JP; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK., Uher R; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada., Uitterlinden AG; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands., Ulivi S; Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, 34137, Italy., van der Laan SW; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands., Van Der Leij AR; University of Amsterdam, Department of Brain &Cognition, Amsterdam, 1018 WS, The Netherlands., van Duijn CM; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands., van Schoor NM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007MB, The Netherlands., van Setten J; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart &Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Varbo A; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark.; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark., Varga TV; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden., Varma R; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA., Edwards DR; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA., Vermeulen SH; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands., Vestergaard H; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark., Vitart V; MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK., Vogt TF; MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., Cardiometabolic Disease, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA., Vozzi D; Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, 26999, Qatar., Walker M; Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK., Wang F; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China., Wang CA; School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia., Wang S; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Wang Y; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China., Wareham NJ; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Warren HR; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK., Wessel J; Departments of Epidemiology &Medicine, Diabetes Translational Research Center, Fairbanks School of Public Health &School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana 46202, USA., Willems SM; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Wilson JG; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA., Witte DR; Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, 5000, Denmark.; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark., Woods MO; Memorial University, Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3V6, Canada., Wu Y; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Yaghootkar H; Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK., Yao J; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Yao P; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China., Yerges-Armstrong LM; Program in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.; GlaxoSmithKlein, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA., Young R; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.; University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Zeggini E; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK., Zhan X; Department of Clinical Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA., Zhang W; Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK., Zhao JH; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK., Zhao W; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA., Zhao W; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Zheng H; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200031, China., Zhou W; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Rotter JI; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA., Boehnke M; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Kathiresan S; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA., McCarthy MI; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK., Willer CJ; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA., Stefansson K; deCODE Genetics/Amgen inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland., Borecki IB; Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, Missouri 63108, USA., Liu DJ; Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute for Personalized Medicine, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA., North KE; Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA., Heard-Costa NL; NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA., Pers TH; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark., Lindgren CM; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK., Oxvig C; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark., Kutalik Z; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland., Rivadeneira F; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands., Loos RJ; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA.; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10069, USA., Frayling TM; Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK., Hirschhorn JN; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA., Deloukas P; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia., Lettre G; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2017 Feb 09; Vol. 542 (7640), pp. 186-190. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Feb 01.
DOI: 10.1038/nature21039
Abstrakt: Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
Databáze: MEDLINE