Leads in Arctic pack ice enable early phytoplankton blooms below snow-covered sea ice.

Autor: Assmy P; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Fernández-Méndez M; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Duarte P; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Meyer A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Randelhoff A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway., Mundy CJ; Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada., Olsen LM; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Kauko HM; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Bailey A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Chierici M; Institute of Marine Research, 9019 Tromsø, Norway., Cohen L; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Doulgeris AP; Department of Physics and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway., Ehn JK; Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada., Fransson A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Gerland S; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Hop H; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway., Hudson SR; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Hughes N; Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 9239 Tromsø, Norway., Itkin P; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Johnsen G; Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.; University Centre in Svalbard, Post box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway., King JA; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Koch BP; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany., Koenig Z; LOCEAN, UMR 7159, CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/IRD, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris cedex, France., Kwasniewski S; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland., Laney SR; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA., Nicolaus M; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany., Pavlov AK; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Polashenski CM; U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA., Provost C; LOCEAN, UMR 7159, CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/IRD, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris cedex, France., Rösel A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Sandbu M; Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway., Spreen G; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.; Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany., Smedsrud LH; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007 Bergen, Norway.; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway., Sundfjord A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Taskjelle T; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway., Tatarek A; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland., Wiktor J; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland., Wagner PM; Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 9239 Tromsø, Norway., Wold A; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Steen H; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway., Granskog MA; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2017 Jan 19; Vol. 7, pp. 40850. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jan 19.
DOI: 10.1038/srep40850
Abstrakt: The Arctic icescape is rapidly transforming from a thicker multiyear ice cover to a thinner and largely seasonal first-year ice cover with significant consequences for Arctic primary production. One critical challenge is to understand how productivity will change within the next decades. Recent studies have reported extensive phytoplankton blooms beneath ponded sea ice during summer, indicating that satellite-based Arctic annual primary production estimates may be significantly underestimated. Here we present a unique time-series of a phytoplankton spring bloom observed beneath snow-covered Arctic pack ice. The bloom, dominated by the haptophyte algae Phaeocystis pouchetii, caused near depletion of the surface nitrate inventory and a decline in dissolved inorganic carbon by 16 ± 6 g C m -2 . Ocean circulation characteristics in the area indicated that the bloom developed in situ despite the snow-covered sea ice. Leads in the dynamic ice cover provided added sunlight necessary to initiate and sustain the bloom. Phytoplankton blooms beneath snow-covered ice might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean with frequent lead formation due to thinner and more dynamic sea ice despite projected increases in high-Arctic snowfall. This could alter productivity, marine food webs and carbon sequestration in the Arctic Ocean.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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