| Autor: |
Sager TM; a Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA.; b Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA , and., Wolfarth M; b Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA , and., Leonard SS; b Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA , and., Morris AM; b Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA , and., Porter DW; b Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA , and., Castranova V; b Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA , and.; c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown , WV , USA., Holian A; a Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Incomplete understanding of the contributions of dispersants and engineered nanoparticles/materials (ENM) agglomeration state to biological outcomes presents an obstacle for toxicological studies. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is often regarded as the primary indicator of ENM bioactivity and toxicity, it remains unclear whether ENM produce ROS or whether ROS is an outcome of ENM-induced cell injury. Phagolysosomal disruption and cathepsin B release also promote bioactivity through inflammasome activation. Therefore, specific particle parameters, i.e. preexposure dispersion status and particle surface area, of two ENM (NiO and CeO 2 ) were used to evaluate the role of ROS generation and cathepsin B release during ENM-induced toxicity. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0, 20, 40, or 80 μg of poorly or well-dispersed NiO-NP or CeO 2 -NP in four types of dispersion media. At 1- and 7-day postexposure, lung lavage fluid was collected to assess inflammation, cytotoxicity, and inflammasome activation. Results showed that preexposure dispersion status correlated with postexposure pulmonary bioactivity. The differences in bioactivity of NiO-NP and CeO 2 -NP are likely due to NiO-NP facilitating the release of cathepsin B and in turn inflammasome activation generating proinflammatory cytokines. Further, both metal oxides acted as free radical scavengers. Depending on the pH, CeO 2 -NP acted as a free radical scavenger in an acidic environment (an environment mimicking the lysosome) while the NiO-NP acted as a scavenger in a physiological pH (an environment that mimics the cytosol of the cell). Therefore, results from this study suggest that ENM-induced ROS is not likely a mechanism of inflammasome activation. |
