Oral Ondansetron versus Domperidone for Acute Gastroenteritis in Pediatric Emergency Departments: Multicenter Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Autor: Marchetti F; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy., Bonati M; Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy., Maestro A; Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy., Zanon D; Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy., Rovere F; Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy., Arrighini A; Pediatric Emergency Department, Presidio Ospedale dei Bambini, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy., Barbi E; Pediatric Emergency Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy., Bertolani P; Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy., Biban P; Pediatric Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy., Da Dalt L; Department of Pediatrics, Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy., Guala A; Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Castelli, Verbania, Italy., Mazzoni E; Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy., Pazzaglia A; Emergency Department, Pediatric Hospital A. Meyer, Firenze, Italy., Perri PF; Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale di Macerata, Macerata, Italy., Reale A; Emergency Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy., Renna S; Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Division, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy., Urbino AF; Emergency Department, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Torino, Italy., Valletta E; Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni, Forlì, Italy., Vitale A; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, 'San Giuseppe Moscati' National Hospital (AORN), Avellino, Italy., Zangardi T; Pediatric Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliera - University of Padova, Padova, Italy., Clavenna A; Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy., Ronfani L; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2016 Nov 23; Vol. 11 (11), pp. e0165441. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 23 (Print Publication: 2016).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165441
Abstrakt: The use of antiemetics for vomiting in acute gastroenteritis in children is still a matter of debate. We conducted a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate whether a single oral dose of ondansetron vs domperidone or placebo improves outcomes in children with gastroenteritis. After failure of initial oral rehydration administration, children aged 1-6 years admitted for gastroenteritis to the pediatric emergency departments of 15 hospitals in Italy were randomized to receive one oral dose of ondansetron (0.15 mg/kg) or domperidone (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo. The primary outcome was the percentage of children receiving nasogastric or intravenous rehydration. A p value of 0.014 was used to indicate statistical significance (and 98.6% CI were calculated) as a result of having carried out two interim analyses. 1,313 children were eligible for the first attempt with oral rehydration solution, which was successful for 832 (63.4%); 356 underwent randomization (the parents of 125 children did not give consent): 118 to placebo, 119 to domperidone, and 119 to ondansetron. Fourteen (11.8%) needed intravenous rehydration in the ondansetron group vs 30 (25.2%) and 34 (28.8%) in the domperidone and placebo groups, respectively. Ondansetron reduced the risk of intravenous rehydration by over 50%, both vs placebo (RR 0.41, 98.6% CI 0.20-0.83) and domperidone (RR 0.47, 98.6% CI 0.23-0.97). No differences for adverse events were seen among groups. In a context of emergency care, 6 out of 10 children aged 1-6 years with vomiting due to gastroenteritis and without severe dehydration can be managed effectively with administration of oral rehydration solution alone. In children who fail oral rehydration, a single oral dose of ondansetron reduces the need for intravenous rehydration and the percentage of children who continue to vomit, thereby facilitating the success of oral rehydration. Domperidone was not effective for the symptomatic treatment of vomiting during acute gastroenteritis.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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