Empty Niches after Extinctions Increase Population Sizes of Modern Corals.

Autor:	Prada C; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521, USA. Electronic address: pradac@si.edu., Hanna B; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA., Budd AF; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA., Woodley CM; CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Laboratory, NCCOS, National Ocean Service, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA., Schmutz J; HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA., Grimwood J; HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA., Iglesias-Prieto R; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Prol. Av. Niños Héroes, Puerto Morelos C.P. 77580, Q. Roo, Cancún, Mexico., Pandolfi JM; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia., Levitan D; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA., Johnson KG; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK., Knowlton N; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10(th) and Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA., Kitano H; The Systems Biology Institute, Falcon Building 5F, Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan., DeGiorgio M; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA. Electronic address: mxd60@psu.edu., Medina M; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10(th) and Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521, USA. Electronic address: mum55@psu.edu.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Current biology : CB [Curr Biol] 2016 Dec 05; Vol. 26 (23), pp. 3190-3194. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 17.
DOI:	10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.039
Abstrakt:	Large environmental fluctuations often cause mass extinctions, extirpating species and transforming communities [1, 2]. While the effects on community structure are evident in the fossil record, demographic consequences for populations of individual species are harder to evaluate because fossils reveal relative, but not absolute, abundances. However, genomic analyses of living species that have survived a mass extinction event offer the potential for understanding the demographic effects of such environmental fluctuations on extant species. Here, we show how environmental variation since the Pliocene has shaped demographic changes in extant corals of the genus Orbicella, major extant reef builders in the Caribbean that today are endangered. We use genomic approaches to estimate previously unknown current and past population sizes over the last 3 million years. Populations of all three Orbicella declined around 2-1 million years ago, coincident with the extinction of at least 50% of Caribbean coral species. The estimated changes in population size are consistent across the three species despite their ecological differences. Subsequently, two shallow-water specialists expanded their population sizes at least 2-fold, over a time that overlaps with the disappearance of their sister competitor species O. nancyi (the organ-pipe Orbicella). Our study suggests that populations of Orbicella species are capable of rebounding from reductions in population size under suitable conditions and that the effective population size of modern corals provides rich standing genetic variation for corals to adapt to climate change. For conservation genetics, our study suggests the need to evaluate genetic variation under appropriate demographic models. (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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