Winter Activity of Coastal Plain Populations of Bat Species Affected by White-Nose Syndrome and Wind Energy Facilities.

Autor: Grider JF; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America, 30602.; Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America, 27402., Larsen AL; Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America, 27402., Homyack JA; Weyerhaeuser Company, 505 North Pearl Street, Centralia, Washington, United States of America, 98531., Kalcounis-Rueppell MC; Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America, 27402.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2016 Nov 16; Vol. 11 (11), pp. e0166512. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 16 (Print Publication: 2016).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166512
Abstrakt: Across the entire distribution of a species, populations may have variable responses to environmental perturbations. Many bat species experience mortality in large portions of their range during hibernation and along migratory paths to and from wintering grounds, from White-nose syndrome (WNS) and wind energy development, respectively. In some areas, warm temperatures may allow bats to remain active through winter, thus decreasing their susceptibility to WNS and/or mortality associated with migration to wintering grounds. These areas could act as a refugia and be important for the persistence of local populations. To determine if warmer temperatures affect bat activity, we compared year-round activity of bat populations in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of North Carolina, USA, two regions that differ in winter temperature. We established six recording stations, four along a 295-kilometer north-south transect in the Coastal Plain, and two in the Piedmont of North Carolina. We recorded bat activity over two years. We supplemented our recordings with mist-net data. Although bat activity was lower during winter at all sites, the odds of recording a bat during winter were higher at Coastal Plain sites when compared with Piedmont sites. Further, bats in the Piedmont had a lower level of winter activity compared to summer activity than bats in the Coastal Plain that had more similar levels of activity in the winter and summer. We found high bat species richness on the Coastal Plain in winter, with winter-active species including those known to hibernate throughout most of their range and others known to be long distance migrants. In particular, two species impacted by WNS, the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), were present year round in the Coastal Plain. The tricolored bat was also present year-round in the Piedmont. In the Coastal Plain, the long distance migratory hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) was active in the winter but not present during the other seasons, and the long distance migratory silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) was active primarily in the winter, suggesting the Coastal Plain may be an overwintering ground for these two species. We suggest that the winter activity exhibited by populations of bats on the North Carolina Coastal Plain has important conservation implications and these populations should be carefully monitored and afforded protection.
Competing Interests: Weyerhaeuser provided access and logistical support to collect empirical data and provided support in the form of salary for our middle author, Jessica Homyack. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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