Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements.

Autor:	Dunne EM; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Gordon H; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. hamish.gordon@cern.ch lecksc@ds.leeds.ac.uk., Kürten A; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Almeida J; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Duplissy J; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Williamson C; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Ortega IK; Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), Université Lille 1, UMR 8523 CNRS, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France., Pringle KJ; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Adamov A; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Baltensperger U; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Barmet P; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Benduhn F; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Berliner Straße 130, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany., Bianchi F; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Breitenlechner M; Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Leopold-Franzens University, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria., Clarke A; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA., Curtius J; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Dommen J; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Donahue NM; Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Ehrhart S; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Flagan RC; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Franchin A; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Guida R; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland., Hakala J; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Hansel A; Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Leopold-Franzens University, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Ionicon, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria., Heinritzi M; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Jokinen T; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Kangasluoma J; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Kirkby J; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Kulmala M; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Kupc A; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria., Lawler MJ; University of Eastern Finland, Post Office Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland., Lehtipalo K; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Makhmutov V; Lebedev Physical Institute, Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, 119991 Moscow, Russia., Mann G; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Mathot S; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland., Merikanto J; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Miettinen P; University of Eastern Finland, Post Office Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland., Nenes A; School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, 26504 Patras, Greece.; Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & Vas. Pavlou, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece., Onnela A; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland., Rap A; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Reddington CL; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Riccobono F; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Richards NA; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Rissanen MP; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Rondo L; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Sarnela N; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Schobesberger S; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Sengupta K; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., Simon M; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Sipilä M; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Smith JN; University of Eastern Finland, Post Office Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland., Stozkhov Y; Lebedev Physical Institute, Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, 119991 Moscow, Russia., Tomé A; CENTRA-SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal., Tröstl J; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Wagner PE; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria., Wimmer D; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Winkler PM; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria., Worsnop DR; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.; Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA 01821, USA., Carslaw KS; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. hamish.gordon@cern.ch lecksc@ds.leeds.ac.uk.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2016 Dec 02; Vol. 354 (6316), pp. 1119-1124. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Oct 27.
DOI:	10.1126/science.aaf2649
Abstrakt:	Fundamental questions remain about the origin of newly formed atmospheric aerosol particles because data from laboratory measurements have been insufficient to build global models. In contrast, gas-phase chemistry models have been based on laboratory kinetics measurements for decades. We built a global model of aerosol formation by using extensive laboratory measurements of rates of nucleation involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, ions, and organic compounds conducted in the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber. The simulations and a comparison with atmospheric observations show that nearly all nucleation throughout the present-day atmosphere involves ammonia or biogenic organic compounds, in addition to sulfuric acid. A considerable fraction of nucleation involves ions, but the relatively weak dependence on ion concentrations indicates that for the processes studied, variations in cosmic ray intensity do not appreciably affect climate through nucleation in the present-day atmosphere. (Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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