Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity.

Autor: Harpole WS; Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale) 06108, Germany., Sullivan LL; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA., Lind EM; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA., Firn J; School of Earth, Environment and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia., Adler PB; Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA., Borer ET; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA., Chase J; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale) 06108, Germany., Fay PA; USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, Temple, Texas 76502, USA., Hautier Y; Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, CH 3584, The Netherlands., Hillebrand H; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, D-26381, Germany., MacDougall AS; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada., Seabloom EW; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA., Williams R; Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA., Bakker JD; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA., Cadotte MW; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto - Scarborough, 1265 Military trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada., Chaneton EJ; IFEVA/CONICET - Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Chu C; SYSU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China., Cleland EE; Ecology, Behavior &Evolution Section, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA., D'Antonio C; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9620 USA., Davies KF; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA., Gruner DS; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA., Hagenah N; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa., Kirkman K; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa., Knops JM; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA., La Pierre KJ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA., McCulley RL; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA., Moore JL; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia., Morgan JW; Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia., Prober SM; CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia., Risch AC; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland., Schuetz M; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland., Stevens CJ; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK., Wragg PD; Department of Ecology &Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2016 Sep 01; Vol. 537 (7618), pp. 93-96. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Aug 24.
DOI: 10.1038/nature19324
Abstrakt: Niche dimensionality provides a general theoretical explanation for biodiversity-more niches, defined by more limiting factors, allow for more ways that species can coexist. Because plant species compete for the same set of limiting resources, theory predicts that addition of a limiting resource eliminates potential trade-offs, reducing the number of species that can coexist. Multiple nutrient limitation of plant production is common and therefore fertilization may reduce diversity by reducing the number or dimensionality of belowground limiting factors. At the same time, nutrient addition, by increasing biomass, should ultimately shift competition from belowground nutrients towards a one-dimensional competitive trade-off for light. Here we show that plant species diversity decreased when a greater number of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental network. The number of added nutrients predicted diversity loss, even after controlling for effects of plant biomass, and even where biomass production was not nutrient-limited. We found that elevated resource supply reduced niche dimensionality and diversity and increased both productivity and compositional turnover. Our results point to the importance of understanding dimensionality in ecological systems that are undergoing diversity loss in response to multiple global change factors.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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