Water management impacts rice methylmercury and the soil microbiome.

Autor: Rothenberg SE; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. Electronic address: rothenbs@mailbox.sc.edu., Anders M; Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas Rice Research & Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA. Electronic address: RiceCarbon@centurylink.net., Ajami NJ; The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Nadim.Ajami@bcm.edu., Petrosino JF; The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: jpetrosi@bcm.edu., Balogh E; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. Electronic address: baloghe27@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2016 Dec 01; Vol. 572, pp. 608-617. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jul 20.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.017
Abstrakt: Rice farmers are pressured to grow rice using less water. The impacts of water-saving rice cultivation methods on rice methylmercury concentrations are uncertain. Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) was cultivated in fields using four water management treatments, including flooded (no dry-downs), alternating wetting and drying (AWD) (with one or three dry-downs), and furrow-irrigated fields (nine dry-downs) (n=16 fields). Anoxic bulk soil was collected from rice roots during the rice maturation phase, and rice grain was harvested after fields were dried. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were determined in soil and polished rice samples, and the soil microbiome was analyzed using 16S (v4) rRNA gene profiling. Soil total mercury did not differ between fields. However, compared to continuously flooded fields, soil and rice methylmercury concentrations averaged 51% and 38% lower in the AWD fields, respectively, and 95% and 96% lower in the furrow-irrigated fields, respectively. Compared to flooded fields, grain yield was reduced on average by <1% in the AWD fields and 34% in the furrow-irrigated fields. Additionally, using 16S (v4) rRNA gene profiling, the relative abundance of genera (i.e., highest resolution via this method) known to contain mercury methylators averaged 2.9-fold higher in flooded and AWD fields compared to furrow-irrigated fields. These results reinforce the benefits of AWD in reducing rice methylmercury concentrations with minimal changes in rice production yields. In the furrow-irrigated fields, a lower relative abundance of genera known to contain mercury methylators suggests an association between lower concentrations of soil and rice methylmercury and specific soil microbiomes.
Competing Interests: The authors have no actual or potential conflicts of interest to report.
(Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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