Limonene and its ozone-initiated reaction products attenuate allergic lung inflammation in mice.

Autor: Hansen JS; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Nørgaard AW; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Koponen IK; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Sørli JB; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Paidi MD; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Hansen SW; b Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark., Clausen PA; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Nielsen GD; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Wolkoff P; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark., Larsen ST; a The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of immunotoxicology [J Immunotoxicol] 2016 Nov; Vol. 13 (6), pp. 793-803. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jul 19.
DOI: 10.1080/1547691X.2016.1195462
Abstrakt: Inhalation of indoor air pollutants may cause airway irritation and inflammation and is suspected to worsen allergic reactions. Inflammation may be due to mucosal damage, upper (sensory) and lower (pulmonary) airway irritation due to activation of the trigeminal and vagal nerves, respectively, and to neurogenic inflammation. The terpene, d-limonene, is used as a fragrance in numerous consumer products. When limonene reacts with the pulmonary irritant ozone, a complex mixture of gas and particle phase products is formed, which causes sensory irritation. This study investigated whether limonene, ozone or the reaction mixture can exacerbate allergic lung inflammation and whether airway irritation is enhanced in allergic BALB/cJ mice. Naïve and allergic (ovalbumin sensitized) mice were exposed via inhalation for three consecutive days to clean air, ozone, limonene or an ozone-limonene reaction mixture. Sensory and pulmonary irritation was investigated in addition to ovalbumin-specific antibodies, inflammatory cells, total protein and surfactant protein D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and hemeoxygenase-1 and cytokines in lung tissue. Overall, airway allergy was not exacerbated by any of the exposures. In contrast, it was found that limonene and the ozone-limonene reaction mixture reduced allergic inflammation possibly due to antioxidant properties. Ozone induced sensory irritation in both naïve and allergic mice. However, allergic but not naïve mice were protected from pulmonary irritation induced by ozone. This study showed that irritation responses might be modulated by airway allergy. However, aggravation of allergic symptoms was observed by neither exposure to ozone nor exposure to ozone-initiated limonene reaction products. In contrast, anti-inflammatory properties of the tested limonene-containing pollutants might attenuate airway allergy.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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