Age-Related Changes in Attentional Control Using an N-Back Working Memory Paradigm.

Autor: Kato K; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan.; b Department of Psychology , Aichi Shukutoku University , Nagakute , Japan., Nakamura A; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan., Kato T; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan., Kuratsubo I; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan., Yamagishi M; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan.; c Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan., Iwata K; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan., Ito K; a Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging , National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Experimental aging research [Exp Aging Res] 2016 Jul-Sep; Vol. 42 (4), pp. 390-402.
DOI: 10.1080/0361073X.2016.1191867
Abstrakt: Background/study Context: Older adults tend to be affected by task-irrelevant distracters. However, whether or not this aging effect is evident when task-irrelevant and relevant stimuli are presented across different sensory modalities is still a subject of debate. The purpose of the present study was to clarify age-related differences in the effects of auditory distraction on visual information processing.
Methods: Participants included 20 young individuals, 20 younger-old individuals in their 60s, and 20 older-old individuals in their 70s. Visual n-back (1-back, 2-back) working memory (WM) tasks using Japanese words were examined with and without auditory distracter conditions. Participants' performances were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance: 3 (age group) × 2 (distraction) × 2 (working memory load).
Results: The effects of auditory distractions were influenced by aging and WM load. Auditory distractions disturbed WM performances preferentially in older adults. Further, participants in the older-old group were more affected by auditory distractions than those in the younger-old group, especially during the 2-back task.
Conclusion: These results suggested that the WM performances for visual n-back tasks were largely disturbed by auditory distractions in older adults but not in young adults.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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