Age-Related Increases in Verbal Knowledge Are Not Associated With Word Finding Problems in the Cam-CAN Cohort: What You Know Won't Hurt You.

Autor:	Shafto MA; Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK. mshafto@csl.psychol.cam.ac.uk., James LE; Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs., Abrams L; Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville., Tyler LK; Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences [J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci] 2017 Jan; Vol. 72 (1), pp. 100-106. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jun 30.
DOI:	10.1093/geronb/gbw074
Abstrakt:	Objective: We tested the claim that age-related increases in knowledge interfere with word retrieval, leading to word finding failures. We did this by relating a measure of crystallized intelligence to tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states and picture naming accuracy. Method: Participants were from a large (N = 708), cross-sectional (aged 18-88 years), population-based sample from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort (Cam-CAN; www.cam-can.com). They completed (a) the Spot-the-Word Test (STW), a measure of crystallized intelligence in which participants circled the real word in word/nonword pairs, (b) a TOT-inducing task, and (c) a picture naming task. Results: Age and STW independently predicted TOTs, with higher TOTs for older adults and for participants with lower STW scores. Tests of a moderator model examining interactions between STW and age indicated that STW was a significant negative predictor of TOTs in younger adults, but with increasing age, the effect size gradually approached zero. Results using picture naming accuracy replicated these findings. Discussion: These results do not support the hypothesis that lifelong knowledge acquisition leads to interference that causes an age-related increase in TOTs. Instead, crystallized intelligence supports successful word retrieval, although this relationship weakens across adulthood. (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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