Environmental Determinants of Aggression in Adolescents: Role of Urban Neighborhood Greenspace.

Autor:	Younan D; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Electronic address: dyounan@usc.edu., Tuvblad C; University of Southern California Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles; School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden., Li L; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles., Wu J; Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine College of Health Sciences, Irvine., Lurmann F; Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA., Franklin M; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles., Berhane K; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles., McConnell R; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles., Wu AH; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles., Baker LA; University of Southern California Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles., Chen JC; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry [J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry] 2016 Jul; Vol. 55 (7), pp. 591-601. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 May 12.
DOI:	10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.002
Abstrakt:	Objective: Neighborhood greenspace improves mental health of urban-dwelling populations, but its putative neurobehavioral benefits in adolescents remain unclear. We conducted a prospective study on urban-dwelling adolescents to examine the association between greenspace in residential neighborhood and aggressive behaviors. Method: Participants (n = 1,287) of the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Study, a multi-ethnic cohort of twins and triplets born in 1990 to 1995 and living in Southern California, were examined in 2000 to 2012 (aged 9-18 years) with repeated assessments of their aggressive behaviors by the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite imagery was used as a proxy for residential neighborhood greenspace aggregated over various spatiotemporal scales before each assessment. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to estimate the effects of greenspace on aggressive behaviors, adjusting for within-family/within-individual correlations and other potential confounders. Results: Both short-term (1- to 6-month) and long-term (1- to 3-year) exposures to greenspace within 1,000 meters surrounding residences were associated with reduced aggressive behaviors. The benefit of increasing vegetation over the range (∼0.12 in NDVI) commonly seen in urban environments was equivalent to approximately 2 to 2.5 years of behavioral maturation. Sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and neighborhood quality did not confound or modify these associations, and the benefits remained after accounting for temperature. Conclusion: Our novel findings support the benefits of neighborhood greenspace in reducing aggressive behaviors of urban-dwelling adolescents. Community-based interventions are needed to determine the efficacy of greenspace as a preemptive strategy to reduce aggressive behaviors in urban environments. (Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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